hisba is a regulatory regime in islamic law which could be a base for islamic economic regulation but has been neglected for centuries. the protection of integrity of the market and competition is a prominent economic and legal objective in modern economies. however, the focus in the islamic law has been on the bipolar relations among the individuals in the form of law of contract or law of tor...

Abstract The theory of international tax competition suggests that governments attempt to attract mobile capital bases by undercutting the foreign capital tax rate. An analysis of the role that state capacity plays in tax policymaking under international pressures is, however, missing. The central contribution of our study is to highlight the importance of the interaction between state capaci...

heavy metal pollutions of aquatic ecosystems have already raised many concerns on aquaticorganisms’health and survival especially on their sperm. the effects of a single metal on sperm may be totallydifferent from cocktail of several metals because of their interactions, so the effects of zinc, cadmium andcalcium on the trout and carp sperms and their competition have been examined by incubatio...

Background. Despite the increasing popularity of the snowboard, there is not scientific literature for sport performance indicators in this sport. Objectives. To analyze the effects of jump difficulty on the final performance during snowboarding-slopestyle competition. Methods. All competition sequences (n=214) from the 2014 Winter Olympic Games were analyzed. Of these, 123 were from the...