introduction congenital microgastria is an extremely rare anomaly, which is due to failure of gastric development, and causes a tubular stomach with reduced capacity. it is almost always associated with other congenital anomalies. case presentation the patient was a two-month-old boy with microgastria in association with gastroesophageal reflux, tracheomalacia, and limb defect. discussion most ...

Tracheomalacia remains a special entity present also in children and adults. Tracheomalacia refers to a weakness of the trachea. Bronchoscopy is the "golden standard" for diagnosis. Differential diagnosis includes foreign body aspiration, difficult controlled asthma and other diseases. This disease may be congenital or it may be acquired. Acquired tracheomalacia can be treated. The main symptom...

Upper airway obstruction is common in DS due to: midfacial hypoplasia, macroglossia, narrowing of the nasopharynx, tonsillar and adenoidal enlargement, laryngomalacia, tracheomalacia and congenital malformations of the larynx and the trachea. The incidence of OSA was reported to be 30-50%. Exacerbating factors including obesity and gastro-esophageal reflux may contribute to the occurrence of sl...

Laryngomalacia is a congenital condition that is characterized by the abnormal development of supraglottic structures, such as the epiglottis. The supraglottic structures tend to collapse during inspiration, causing stridor and, in severe cases, hypoxemia. Tracheomalacia is a more serious condition of abnormally developing tracheal cartilage that is characterized by tracheal lumen collapse dura...

Congenital esophageal atresia (EA) and/or tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF) are common congenital anomalies. Respiratory and GI complications occur frequently, and may persist lifelong. Late complications of EA/TEF include tracheomalacia, a recurrence of the TEF, esophageal stricture, and gastroesophageal reflux. These complications may lead to a brassy or honking-type cough, dysphagia, recurrent...

Objective Children with congenital heart defects (CHD) requiring cardiovascular surgery (CVS) rarely require tracheostomy placement; however the mortality rate remains high. The study aimed to analyze incidence of in children CHD, and determine factors contributing postoperative outcomes, decannulation rates, mortality. Methods Retrospective case series ≤18 years old CHD status post-CVS who und...

Tracheomalacia patients often present with nonspecific symptoms like cough, wheezing and dyspnea. Tracheomalacia diagnosis is usually attributed to alternative common conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive lung disease. Certain maneuvers, like forced expiration, or recumbent position may elicit subtle signs of tracheomalacia. Ordering novel pulmonary function testing in sitting uprigh...

INTRODUCTION ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Gross Anatomy/Histology Innervation and Blood Supply Lymphatic Drainage Surrounding Anatomic Structures RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF THE TRACHEA Plain Radiographs CT Scanning MR Imaging Virtual Bronchoscopy PATHOLOGIC CONDITIONS Congenital Abnormalities Tracheomalacia Congenital Stenosis (Subglottic/Tracheal) Tracheal Bronchus Tracheal Diverticula (Tracheocele)...