Changing electrical environments can influence the performance of herbivorous insects and adversely affect their control strategies. The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), is a pest that devastates cruciferous vegetables. An age–stage, two-sex life table P. over multiple generations was established to describe effect varying high-voltage electrostatic field (HVEF) exposure on after age...

A hole in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of length at least four. We prove that for all ν > 0, every triangle-free graph with sufficiently large chromatic number contains holes of ν consecutive lengths. In particular, this implies two well-known conjectures of Gyárfás [3], namely that every triangle-free graph with sufficiently large chromatic number has a hole of length at lea...