the spline collocation method  is employed to solve a system of linear and nonlinear fredholm and volterra integro-differential equations. the solutions are collocated by cubic b-spline and the integrand is approximated by the newton-cotes formula. we obtain the unique solution for linear and nonlinear system $(nn+3n)times(nn+3n)$ of integro-differential equations. this approximation reduces th...

a class of new methods based on a septic non-polynomial spline function for the numerical solution of problems in calculus of variations is presented. the local truncation errors and the methods of order 2th, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th, are obtained. the inverse of some band matrixes are obtained which are required in proving the convergence analysis of the presented method. convergence anal...

gravitational search algorithm (gsa) is one of the newest swarm based optimization algorithms, which has been inspired by the newtonian laws of gravity and motion. gsa has empirically shown to be an efficient and robust stochastic search algorithm. since introducing gsa a convergence analysis of this algorithm has not yet been developed. this paper introduces the first attempt to a formal conve...

A Class of new methods based on a septic non-polynomial spline function for the numerical solution one-dimensional Bratu's problem are presented. The local truncation errors and the methods of order 2th, 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th, are obtained. The inverse of some band matrixes are obtained which are required in proving the convergence analysis of the presented method. Associated boundary f...

objective: a clinically feasible convergence angle in full-coverage crown preparations, meeting the requirements for proper retention and resistance forms, has always been a matter of interest for laboratory and clinical researches. this study aims to evaluate the angle in teeth prepared by both under- and post-graduate students at tehran university of medical sciences, faculty of dentistry, de...

The spline collocation method is used to approximate solutions of boundary value problems. The convergence analysis is given and the method is shown to have second-order convergence. A numerical illustration is given to show the pertinent features of the technique.  

Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. S...

The majority of the studies on regional convergence ignore the spatial characteristics of the problem. In a recent paper Rey and Montouri (1999) considered the issue of income regional convergence on US under the spatial econometric perspective. The present paper follows the Rey and Montouri’s (1999) approach and introduces some spatial econometric techniques for convergence among Brazilian sta...