We simulate a finite system of N confined electrons with inclusion of the Darwin magnetic interaction in two and three dimensions. The lowest-energy states are located using the steepest descent quenching adapted for velocity dependent potentials. Below a critical density the ground state is a static Wigner lattice. For supercritical density the ground state has a nonzero kinetic energy. The cr...

Articles you may be interested in Temperature modulation molecularbeam epitaxy and its application to the growth of periodic index separate confinement heterostructure InGaAs quantumwell lasers Periodic index separate confinement heterostructure InGaAs/AlGaAs multiple quantum well laser grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy Appl. Very low threshold single quantum well gradedindex separate...

We consider dimension reduction for the three dimensional (3D) Schödinger equation with the Coulomb interaction and an anisotropic confining potential to lower dimensional models in the limit of infinitely strong confinement in two or one space dimensions and obtain formally the surface adiabatic model (SAM) or surface density model (SDM) in two dimensions (2D) and the line adiabatic model (LAM...

The penalization method is used to take account of obstacles, such as the limiter, in a tokamak. Because of the magnetic confinement of the plasma in a tokamak, the transport occurs essentially in the direction parallel to the magnetic field lines. We study a 1D nonlinear hyperbolic system as a simplified model of the plasma transport in the area close to the wall. A penalization which cuts the...

The problem of projecting the energy confinement properties of future devices is a long-standing one in toroidal confinement research. While substantial progress has been made in characterizing the transport properties of tokamaks and stellarators, no definitive understanding of the mechanism(s) of cross-field transport has been achieved. Thus, we are not in a position to perform “firstprincipl...

We have observed spatial confinement of laser light in micrometer-sized random media. The optical confinement is attributed to the disorder-induced scattering and interference. Our experimental data suggest that coherent amplification of the scattered light enhances the interference effect and helps the spatial confinement. Using the finite-difference time-domain method, we simulate lasing with...

LLE Review, Volume 90 49 Introduction The base-line direct-drive ignition target design for the National Ignition Facility (NIF)1 is a thick cryogenic DT-ice layer enclosed in a thin CH shell.2,3 In direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF)4 a spherical target is illuminated by a large number of laser beams to provide a spherically symmetric implosion. Target implosions with cryogenic DT f...

Using Langevin dynamics simulations, we investigate the dynamics of a flexible polymer translocation into a confined area under a driving force through a nanopore. We choose an ellipsoidal shape for the confinement and consider the dependence of the asymmetry of the ellipsoid measured by the aspect ratio on the translocation time. Compared with an isotropic confinement (sphere), an anisotropic ...

We propose a variant of the algorithm by [R. Simson, E. D. Sheets, and K. Jacobson, Biophys. 69, 989 (1995)]. Their algorithm was developed to detect transient confinement zones in experimental single-particle tracking trajectories of diffusing membrane proteins or lipids. We show that our algorithm is able to detect confinement in a wider class of confining potential shapes than that of Simson...