Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) can help countries attain and sustain universal health coverage (UHC), as long as it is context-specific and considered within deliberative processes at the country level. Institutionalising robust deliberative processes requires significant time and resources, however, and countries often begin by demanding evidence (including local CEA evidence as well as evi...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) – which in certain cases is used interchangeably with the term cost-utility through use of QALY-has been established as pinnacle decision-makin...

The aim of this study was to perform a 1-yr trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of tiotropium versus salmeterol followed by a 5-yr model-based CEA. The within-trial CEA, including 7,250 patients with moderate to very severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), was performed alongside the 1-yr international randomised controlled Prevention of Exacerbations with Tiotropium (POE...

OBJECTIVE Recently published data from the North American Carotid Endarterectomy Trial revealed a benefit for carotid endarterectomy (CEA) in symptomatic patients with moderate (50% to 69%) carotid stenosis. This benefit was significant but small (absolute stroke risk reduction at 5 years, 6.5%; 22.2% vs 15.7%), and thus, the authors of this study were tentative in the recommendation of operati...

Responding to increasing demands to demonstrate value-for-money (VfM) for maternal and newborn health interventions, and in the absence of VfM analysis in peer-reviewed literature, this paper reviews VfM components and methods, critiques their applicability, strengths and weakness and proposes how VfM assessments can be improved. VfM comprises four components: economy, efficiency, effectiveness...

STUDY DESIGN Cost-effectiveness analysis with retrospective cost analysis and literature review. OBJECTIVE To determine the relative cost-effectiveness of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with autograft, allograft, and allograft with plating for single-level anterior cervical spondylosis. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA There are several accepted methods of surgically treating sing...

OBJECTIVE To determine from a health plan perspective the cost-effectiveness of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) specific inhibitors, with and without a prior-authorization (PA) process. METHODS A modeling exercise was employed, based on prescription drug claims for a managed care organization with 3.8 million health maintenance organization (HMO) and preferred provider organization (PPO) members. Dr...

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is widely used to assess the investment criteria where cost-benefit analysis (CBA) is not economically feasible to apply. CBA is generally used where there is a commercial motive whereas CEA is used where service motive is prioritized. Thus, it is mainly applicable to evaluate social projects where the beneficiaries are scattered in any area or the society at l...

BACKGROUND Interferon beta-Ia (Avonex) 30 microg, intramuscular (i.m.), once weekly is efficacious in delaying clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS) following a single demyelinating event (SDE). This study determined the cost effectiveness of Avonex compared to current treatment in delaying the onset of CDMS. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and cost-utility analysis (CUA) ...

Introduction: This paper demonstrates that standard cost-effectiveness screening of pharmaceutical drugs may give misleading results if systematic data heterogeneity by base health related quality of life (BHRQoL), the HRQoL immediately prior to treatment, is ignored. Study Design: It is argued that for some chronic diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, the magnitude of the HRQoL response to ...