The considerable expansion of telecommunications infrastructure in non-electrified areas has led to massive consumption non-renewable energy sources by diesel generators. promotion renewable technologies as an alternative these generators is until now confronted with the problems Capital Expenditures and system reliability. hybridization fossil fuels energies would make it possible find a bette...

DC power may be more efficient than AC in certain applications, especially when it comes to local generation and storage. This is because requires extra equipment convert power, which can lead energy losses. Using on the other hand, makes easier for devices use directly, resulting higher efficiency. Additionally, using reduce capital costs as eliminates need additional AC–DC conversion equipmen...

This study aimed to provide a techno-economic analysis of hybrid energy systems, including wind turbines, photovoltaic systems (PV) panels, diesel generators, and batteries, for selected cities in five different climate zones Spain meet the load requirements industrial towns. Homer software was used determine most efficient configuration supplying average sector, with value 1500 kWh/day peak 11...

Previous studies on the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) information disclosure cost of equity (COE) have found mixed results. They conclude that this may be affected by some attributes company inside. In study, we examine whether investors’heterogeneous beliefs moderates ESG performance COE. Our sample starts with ESG-rating firms included in Huazheng index Wind ...

steel industry is one of the most consumption of energy in the world, which is related to melting furnace which result environmental pollution. we calculate the energy consumption and capital cost of dust collectors of venturi scrubber (vs) and electrostatic precipitator (esp) which are connected to melting furnace in respect to industrial ecology for selection of appropriate dust collection sy...

The use of fossil fuels to supply human energy needs is increasing day by day, which contributes environmental pollution. In addition, they have a limited and are not continuously being made, or made very slowly. Thus, reduce dependence on this type energy, the renewable sources increasing, has problems because high cost investment stochastic nature. study, sensitivity analysis renewables was c...

Recently, Resende and Veiga [31] have proposed an e cient implementation of the Dual A ne (DA) interior-pointalgorithm for the solution of linear transportationmodels with integer costs and right-hand side coe cients. This procedure incorporates a Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient (PCG) method for solving the linear system that is required in each iteration of the DA algorithm. In this paper, w...