This paper focuses on the design of cost sharing rules to optimize the efficiency of the resulting equilibria in cost sharing games with concave cost functions. Our analysis focuses on two well-studied measures of efficiency, termed the price of anarchy and price of stability, which provide worstcase guarantees on the performance of the (worst or best) equilibria. Our first result characterizes...

Concern over information privacy is widespread and rising. However, prior research is silent about the value of information privacy and the benefit of privacy protection. We conducted a conjoint analysis to explore individuals’ trade-offs between the benefits and costs of providing personal information to Websites. We find that economic incentives (monetary reward and future convenience) do aff...

The cost-effectiveness of treatment for hypertension is positively related to the level of pretreatment blood pressure and to the level of success in achieving patient adherence to prescribed medical regimens. Opportunities to improve the cost-effectiveness of treatment include limiting treatment to patients with well-documented sustained increases in blood pressure, giving higher priority to t...

We present a novel treatment of the fundamental problem of erasing a bit. We propose a cost function that extends to path space the principle due to Szilard and Landauer that erasing a bit requires at least kBT log 2 units of energy. We introduce notions of reliability of information storage via a reliability timescale τr, and speed of erasing via an erasing timescale τe. Our problem formulatio...

Ad-hoc wireless networks are of increasing importance in communication and are frequently constrained by energy use. Here we propose a distributed, non-hierarchical adaptive method using preferential detachment for adjusting node transmission power to reduce overall power consumption without violating network load limitations. We derive a cost and path length trade-off diagram that establishes ...

More than half of all US import relationships begin with less than $10,000 annually. The median relationship is observed to last just one year. The incidence and duration of these relationships are consistent with a search model of international trade. The preponderance of small starting relationships reveals uncertainty present in formation of trade relationships. Initial size, reliability, an...

Fiber optic interconnects baaed on wavelength division multiplezing (WDM) are a promising candidate for future interconnection networks due to their high bandwidth, low wire density and their low power requirements. As the cost of optical communication hardware for WDM star baaed interconnects may be large, we introduce reduced cost structures. The performance of the optical implementations of ...

In real projects, the trade-off between the project cost and the project completion time, and the environmental uncertainty are aspects of considerable importance for managers. For complex environment with more than one type of uncertainty, this paper presents three types of time–cost trade-off models, in which the project environment is described via introducing the fuzzy random theory. The ex...

This paper details our partial scan technique used in the Interactive Design for Test reuse in Allocation for Testability (IDAT) tool. IDAT tool objective is to fullll the designer requirements regarding selected design and testability attributes of a circuit to be synthesized. A related tool is used to synthesize a test controller for the nal testable circuit. The allocation process of scan re...