State Consumer Protection Acts (CPAs) were designed to supplement the Federal Trade Commission’s mission of protecting consumers and are often referred to as “little-FTC Acts.” There is growing concern that enforcement under these acts is not only qualitatively different than FTC enforcement, but may be counterproductive for consumers. This article examines a sample of CPA claims and compares t...

in this paper, we present a genetic algorithm (ga) for optimization of a multi-mode resource constrained time cost trade off (mrctct) problem. the proposed ga, each activity has several operational modes and each mode identifies a possible executive time and cost of the activity. beyond earlier studies on time-cost trade-off problem, in mrctct problem, resource requirements of each execution mo...

In this paper, we present a genetic algorithm (GA) for optimization of a multi-mode resource constrained time cost trade off (MRCTCT) problem. The proposed GA, each activity has several operational modes and each mode identifies a possible executive time and cost of the activity. Beyond earlier studies on time-cost trade-off problem, in MRCTCT problem, resource requirements of each execution mo...

in this paper, besides of studying and reviewing the theoretical analysis of the trade liberalization and industrial growth, the effect of trade liberalization on productivity in the industrial sector of the iran`s economy are investigated. in this study, a translog cost function and sur model for the period of 1974-2006 are used in order to evaluate the trade liberalization variable. at first,...

T his paper investigates the gain of bilateral trade between China and U.S. in manufacturing sectors when both countries play a role in asymmetric (biased) growth of  international trade. Our model includes a special case of Biased Growth Theory in international trade. We collected labor productivity, export and import data by using classification of manufacturing industries, for U.S...

In practice, the supplier often offers the retailers a trade credit period M and the retailer in turn provides a trade credit period N to her/his customer to stimulate sales and reduce inventory. From the retailer’s perspective, granting trade credit not only increases sales and revenue but also increases opportunity cost (i.e., the capital opportunity loss during credit period) and defau...

we describe a simple model that fits well with iranian economy, and extends a methodology which chary at el. (2007) demonstrated. in addition to four traditional wedges, we introduce additional trade wedge. we then evaluate the contribution of these wedges to the fluctuations in iran during last three years. because of international sanction, trading cost increases, and firms have difficulty to...

Time-cost trade-off is one of the most important subjects in project management and of interest to contractors. The goal of time-cost trade-off is sensivity analysis of project costs to changes in activity duration in order to obtain the best combination of activity duration decrease, in a way that the sum of project costs is minimized. In the heuristics presented in this area, time crashing is...

This paper proposes a multi-criteria approach to assess current technology systems in water treatment (WT) plants and water waste treatment (WWT) plants to find out the main implications on the quality of service. Presently, the plant production process and efficiency improvement of WWT plants has become a challenge for WWT plants. The need of cost-efficient and reliable treatment processes has...

Time-cost trade-off is one of the most important subjects in project management and of interest to contractors. The goal of time-cost trade-off is sensivity analysis of project costs to changes in activity duration in order to obtain the best combination of activity duration decrease, in a way that the sum of project costs is minimized. In the heuristics presented in this area, time crashing is...