The creation of text corpora requires a sequence of processing steps in order to constitute, normalize, and then to directly exploit it by a given application. This paper presents a generic approach for text normalization and concentrates on the aspects of methodology and linguistic engineering, which serve to develop a multipurpose multilingual text corpus. This approach was applied to French,...

Tokenization in the bioscience domain is often difficult. New terms, technical terminology, and nonstandard orthography, all common in bioscience text, contribute to this difficulty. This paper will introduce the tasks of tokenization, normalization before introducing BAccHANT, a system built for bioscience text normalization. Casting tokenization / normalization as a problem of punctuation cla...

Objective(s): Alternative normalization methods were proposed to solve the biased information of SPM in the study of neurodegenerative disease. The objective of this study was to determine the most suitable count normalization method for SPM analysis of a neurodegenerative disease based on the results of different count normalization methods applied on a prepared digital phantom similar to one ...

Gene and protein named-entity recognition (NER) and normalization is often treated as a two-step process. While the first step, NER, has received considerable attention over the last few years, normalization has received much less attention. We have built a dictionary based gene and protein NER and normalization system that requires no supervised training and no human intervention to build the ...

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, endogenous non-coding RNAs that function as guide molecules to regulate transcription of their target messenger RNAs. Several methods including low-density qPCR arrays are being increasingly used to profile the expression of these molecules in a variety of different biological conditions. Reliable analysis of expression profiles demands removal of technical variati...

Web pages do not offer reliable metadata concerning their creation date and time. However, getting the document creation time is a necessary step for allowing to apply temporal normalization systems to web pages. In this paper, we present DCTFinder, a system that parses a web page and extracts from its content the title and the creation date of this web page. DCTFinder combines heuristic title ...

Nuclear power accidents repeatedly reveal that the industry has an incomplete understanding of the complex risks involved in its operation. Through analyzing the investigation of a nuclear power incident in Sweden in 2006, I show how the industry’s learning practices shape recurrent normalization of risk regulation after such surprises. Learning is shaped through institutionalized measures of s...

micrornas (mirnas) are short, endogenous non-coding rnas that function as guide molecules to regulate transcription of their target messenger rnas. several methods including low-density qpcr arrays are being increasingly used to profile the expression of these molecules in a variety of different biological conditions. reliable analysis of expression profiles demands removal of technical variati...