OBJECTIVE The aim of this longitudinal study, comprising young adults without orthodontic treatment, was to assess spontaneous changes in lower dental arch alignment and dimensions. METHODS Twenty pairs of dental casts of the lower arch, obtained at different time intervals, were compared. Dental casts obtained at T1 (mean age = 20.25) and T2 (mean age = 31.2) were compared by means of paired...

HULL, E. M., E. CHAPIN AND C. KASTANIOTIS. Effects of crowding and intermittent isolation on gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). PHYSIOL. BEHAV. 13(6) 723-727, 1974. Gerbils were reared from weaning to adulthood in mixedsex paired, crowded or isolate-crowded conditions, the latter consisting of placing crowded animals into individual boxes for 2 hr per day. Paired males exhibited more ventral mark...

OBJECTIVES We determined whether crowding at emergency shelters is associated with a higher incidence of sleep disturbance among disaster evacuees and identified the minimum required personal space at shelters. DESIGN Retrospective review of medical charts. SETTING 30 shelter-based medical clinics in Ishinomaki, Japan, during the 46 days following the Great Eastern Japan Earthquake and Tsun...