R-modes in neutron stars with crusts are damped by viscous friction at the crust-core boundary. The magnitude of this damping, evaluated by Bildsten and Ushomirsky (BU) under the assumption of a perfectly rigid crust, sets the maximum spin frequency for a neutron star spun up by accretion in a Low-Mass X-ray binary (LMXB). In this paper we explore the mechanical coupling between the core r-mode...

Authigenic seafl oor carbonate crusts include fenestrate microbialite, thrombolite, and four types here designated: Fine-grained Crust, Sparry Crust, Hybrid Sparry Fine-grained Crust, and Sparry Crust plus Coarse Grains. Each of the latter four types includes at least some layered examples that have generally been regarded as stromatolites. Recognition and interpretation of these various deposi...

Magnetic anomalies associatedwith new ocean crust formation in the Adare Basin off north-western Ross Sea (43–26Ma) can be traced directly into the Northern Basin that underlies the adjacent morphological continental shelf, implying a continuity in the emplacement of oceanic crust. Steep gravity gradients along the margins of the Northern Basin, particularly in the east, suggest that little ext...

Thin oceanic crust is formed by decompression melting of the upper mantle at mid-ocean ridges, but the origin of the thick and buoyant continental crust is enigmatic. Juvenile continental crust may form from magmas erupted above intraoceanic subduction zones, where oceanic lithosphere subducts beneath other oceanic lithosphere. However, it is unclear why the subduction of dominantly basaltic oc...

a r t i c l e i n f o Crust extracted from the mantle in arcs is refined into continental crust in subduction zones. During sediment subduction, subduction erosion, arc subduction, and continent subduction, mafic rocks become eclogite and may sink into the mantle, whereas more silica-rich rocks are transformed into felsic gneisses that are less dense than peridotite but more dense than the uppe...

The results of numerical modelling show that the mechanical stratification of the crust provides the fundamental control on fault spacing and, ultimately, the mode of extension. Macroscopic pre-existing structures and weaknesses are often thought to govern the behaviour of continental crust under extension, and many prior studies have focussed on the effect of heterogeneities in triggering faul...

JULY 2005, GSA TODAY ABSTRACT The subduction factory processes raw materials such as oceanic sediments and oceanic crust and manufactures magmas and continental crust as products. Aqueous fluids, which are extracted from oceanic raw materials via dehydration reactions during subduction, dissolve particular elements and overprint such elements onto the mantle wedge to generate chemically distinc...

The straightforward but unexpected relationship presented here relates crustal thickness to magma type in the Izu-Ogasawara (Bonin) and Aleutian oceanic arcs. Volcanoes along the southern segment of the Izu-Ogasawara arc and the western Aleutian arc (west of Adak) are underlain by thin crust (10-20 km). In contrast those along the northern segment of the Izu-Ogasawara arc and eastern Aleutian a...

T h e problem of the origin of the cont inental crust can be resolved into two fundamenta l quest ions: (1) the lo­ cation and mechani sms of init ial m a n t l e extract ion of the primitive crust and (2) the processes by which this primitive crust is converted into the cont inental crust that presently exists . W e know that Archean cont inen­ tal crust is compos i t iona l ly dist inct from ...

The effect of the magnetic field on the electrostatic potential of electrons inside and in close vicinity outside the quark surface of the star is studied. Depending on the value of the crust potential and the electron chemical potential at the base of the nuclear crust, we find that the strong surface magnetic field, 1.0 × 1014 ≤ H ≤ 3.0 × 1016 Gauss leads to a considerable reduction of the el...