Nanoparticle formulations have been widely used in the drug delivery field. The majority of published articles dealing with nanoparticle formulations have focused on the use of freshly prepared nanoparticles, but not many deal with scale-up production of nanoparticles and their long-term preservation by freeze-drying. To date, little information is available on an effective freeze-drying proces...

The study aimed to determine the effects of different concentrations of glycerol and ethylene glycol and ultrarapid cryopreservation (vitrification) on survival and subsequent in vitro development of bubaline cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs) in order to recognize the optimum cryoprotectant. Survival and in vitro maturation, fertilization and cleavage of buffalo COCs was evaluated subsequent to t...

In this work, the mechanism of cell bleb formation upon the addition of cryoprotectants (CPAs) was investigated, and the role of cell blebs in protecting cells was determined. The results show that after adding CPAs, the hyperosmotic stress results in the breakage of the cortical cytoskeleton and the detachment of the cell membrane from the cortical cytoskeleton, causing the formation of cell b...