Measuring and inducing neural activity in neurons using extracellular fields provides great insight into neurons functions and how they process information. This paper will consider the problem of trying to selectively sense and induce activity in neurons within a network in a living organism, using a small array of electrodes placed some distance away. One way to approach this problem is to so...

The study aimed to establish the safe placement area and corresponding entry angle of atlantal pedicle screw using axial computed tomography (CT) measurement of atlas, in order to guide the clinical operation. Spiral thin-slice CT scan of atlas and three-dimensional reconstruction of 38 patients were randomly selected. Screw placement space was defined as the distance between the tangent lines ...

This paper aims to optimize the PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) placement for a full observation of the power network and the minimum number of PMUs. In this paper, competition of Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming and heuristically algorithms such as Bacterial Foraging Algorithm is presented. The results are demonstrated with PMU placement optimization simulation and a redundancy measurement a...

In India Power system monitoring is based mainly on measurements provided by Remote Terminal Unit (RTU). For power system measurement synchronized Phasor or Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is popular choice in abroad and its popularity is increasing day by day because of its several features. Direct measurement of voltage or current Phasor is possible because of PMU which was not possible earlier...

Velocity measurement errors were investigated for an array-based preclinical ultrasound scanner (Vevo 2100, FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Toronto, ON, Canada). Using a small-size rotating phantom made from a tissue-mimicking material, errors in pulse-wave Doppler maximum velocity measurements were observed. The extent of these errors was dependent on the Doppler angle, gate length, gate depth, gate ho...

Ever-increasing energy demand has led to geographic expansion of transmission lines and their complexity. In addition, higher reliability is expected in the transmission systemsdue to their vital role in power systems. It is very difficult to realize this goal by conventional monitoring and control methods. Thus, phasor measurement units (PMUs) are used to measure system parameters. Although in...

Advanced power system nowadays demands to ensure accurate estimate of the system states (bus voltages and angles) in order to ensure protection, monitoring, controlling and smooth running of the system. The conventional state estimator estimates the power system states based on the measurements obtained from the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. Besides, the use of synchr...