Transitional justice has typically relied on a handful of mechanisms, including trials, truth commissions, and reparations programmes, in seeking justice after conflict. In many societies, however, these mechanisms have less salience and value than do traditional practices of justice. Often, this occurs in large part because these transitional justice mechanisms have been imported and the commu...

the judicial practice of the international courts and tribunals – especiallyinternational court of justice – as the most important official entities forsurveying and identifying legal rules, has always been a valuable source inthe recognition of customary international law. in the recent decades, as aresult of developments caused by improving human concepts and humanityprinciples in the interna...

This report is part of the United States Institute of Peace’s (USIP) ongoing effort to understand the pluralist legal system of Afghanistan. It examines, compares, and contrasts Islamic law with traditional forms of justice in an attempt to elucidate how such rule of law approaches interact as well as provide a fuller understanding of each system to better guide rule of law practice, policy, an...

in the system of international law, individuals enjoy some rights and states are initially obliged to grant of these rights, especially in the field of human rights and humanitarian law. if this obligation is not fulfilled, the responsible state has to compensate the injured individuals based on special rules of treaty laws and general rules of international responsibility, including customary ...