The spectroscopic and electrochemical properties of a series of four RuII polypyridyl complexes are reported. Compounds of the form [Ru(dmb)x(dea)3-x] (x ) 0-3), where dmb is 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine and dea is 4,4′-bis(diethylamino)-2,2′-bipyridine, have been prepared and studied using static and time-resolved electronic and vibrational spectroscopies as a prelude to femtosecond spectrosc...

An algorithm stral:egy is proposed for use with the assurance region (AR) approach in data envelopment analysis (DEA). The strategy addressed in this study characterizes and cla.5sifies all decision making units (DMUs) into several subsets, using the revised simplex method of linear programming. Then, each DMU subset is solved by a different algorithm. Experimental studies consisting of randoml...

In many data envelopment analysis (DEA) applications, the analyst always confronts the difficulty that the selected data set is not suitable to apply traditional DEA models for their poor discrimination. This paper presents an approach using Shannon’s entropy to improve the discrimination of traditional DEA models. In this approach, DEA efficiencies are first calculated for all possible variabl...

A new deployment of the multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques: the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW), and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for portfolio allocation, is demonstrated in this paper. Rather than exclusive reference to mean and variance as in the traditional mean-variance method, the criteria used in this demonstration are the f...

Health-care waste (HCW) management is a major challenge for municipalities, particularly in the cities of developing nations. Selecting the best treatment technology for HCW can be regarded as a complex multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) issue involving a number of alternatives and multiple evaluation criteria. In addition, decision makers tend to express their personal assessments via multi...

To address the gap in energy performance studies regarding role of information entropy feedback processes between input and output slacks, paper develops a novel Stochastic-Entropic Analysis for Ideal Solutions (SEA-IS) model. The non-linear stochastic optimization model is then applied to assess potential gains that may arise from slacks minimization given different optimal reduction quantiles...

In this paper, a modified TOPSIS (techniques for order preference by similarity to ideal solution) approach for solving bi-level multi-objective programming (BL-MOP) problems with fuzzy parameters is presented. These fuzzy parameters are assumed to be characterized by fuzzy numerical data, reflecting the experts' imprecise or fuzzy understanding of the nature of the parameters in the problem fo...

In this research, using technique for order-preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) index, drought phenomenon is determined and ranked. For this purpose, using 5 atmospheric elements including temperature, wind, precipitation days, annual precipitation, precipitation concentration index (PCI), droughts occurred in Shiraz station for 20-year statistical period (1983-2003) have been d...

Interval-valued fuzzy sets involve more uncertainties than ordinary fuzzy sets and can be used to capture imprecise or uncertain decision information in fields that require multiple-criteria decision analysis (MCDA). This paper takes the simple additive weighting (SAW) method and the technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution (TOPSIS) as the main structure to deal with in...