it is generally recognised that ‘zero’ as we understand the concept today originated in two geographically separated cultures: the maya and indian. however, if zero merely signified a magnitude or a direction separator (i.e. separating those above the zero level from those below the zero level), the egyptian zero, nfr, dating back at least four thousand years, amply served these purposes. if ze...

Humans are accustomed to counting in a positional number system – decimal radix. Nearly all computer systems operate on another positional number system – binary radix. From the standpoint of representation, such positional systems are compact: given a radix b, one can represent b distinct numbers with n digits. Each choice of the digits di ∈ {0, . . . , b−1}, i = 0, . . . , n−1, results in a d...

We present a new approach for computing reputation in agent societies. Our positional reputation system can handle arbitrary dimensions to provide a mapping of different attributes of an agent to its reputation value. The meaning of a certain dimension is not fixed, but is defined dynamically by the agent community. Thus a positional reputation system automatically adapts to the needs of the us...

Objective(s). Main aim of this cross-sectional study was to analyse intra-positional, inter-positional differences in proportions of particular somatotype categories in youth volleyball players. Methods. Heath-Carter method was used to determine somatotype characteristics of 181 young female volleyball players (age 14.05±0.93, height 170.03±7.61 cm, mass 57.80±8.59 kg, bod...

Human observers are able to localize the relative position of objects defined by Gaussian variations in either luminance (1st order) or contrast (2nd order). However, positional sensitivity is significantly poorer for 2nd- than for 1st-order stimuli. These judgments require the visual system to construct a representation of pertinent variation from a number of individual retinal samples-a proce...