the seasonal diversity and distribution of microphytes and macrophytes in 40 artificial irrigationponds constructed in a semi-arid region, and the most suitable conditions to maintain these enclaves asbiodiversity spots were studied for the first time. a total of 104 species were detected. bacillariophyta,cyanobacteria and chlorophyta dominated both pelagic and benthic microphytic communities, ...

Anopheles arabiensis breeding was studied during March 1999-June 2000 in New Halfa town. Of 3642 anopheline larvae collected, 3633 (99.75%) were A. arabiensis: 82.49%, 11.56%, 3.08% and 2.88% of the larvae were collected from shallow sunlit pools resulting from pipes leakages, rain pools, irrigation canals and man-made pools respectively. The overall mean density was 24.34 larvae/10 dips: 40.73...

_ .Ttf. paper exaTines the wetting by water of low-densitypolyethylene frlm modified at the poll'rnerwater (a_ir) interface by introduction of polar organic functionaf groupi (carboxylic acids, aminei, and others). Water/qolyn.er contact angles were determined for each of these intcrfaces; for interfaces containing acidic or basic functional gro_up:, tfre c91!9gt angle was determined as a funct...

Modern sulamalarda sulama suyunun miktarı, zamanı ve yöntemi kadar kalitesi de önemlidir. Yeterli iyi kalitede su bulunamayınca açısından uygun olmayan sular kullanılmaktadır. Bu da toprakta tuzluluk problemini artırmaktadır. nedenle, Hakkari ilinde amacıyla kullanılan havuzlardaki kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. amaçla, 10 tane havuzundan, Haziran, Temmuz, Ağustos Eylül aylarınd...

This paper is devoted to the practical real-time application of anew fuzzy gain scheduling control scheme to amulti-pool open irrigation canal prototype. This control scheme successfully regulates ihe downstream level of three pools of ihe prototype canal in response to the inflow rate variations. The scheme combines functionai iiizzy logic with gain scheduling.

Irrigation channels around paddy fields have been drastically improved over the past several decades in Japan. This has been accomplished exclusively by covering all the sides of channels with concrete. Although it is conventionally accepted that channel improvement has deteriorated quality of spawning and nursery sites for fish, to date, there is little evidence to support this claim. We exami...

The first rule regarding irrigation district canal automation is that there is no single "best" method of automation. As an example, the cost of automating a small lateral structure with a computerized gate is similar to the cost of automating a regulating gate on a large canal, although the respective justifiable budgets may be $1000 versus $100,000 per structure. The locations of buffer reser...

The current spread of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) throughout arid areas of Central Tunisia is a major public health concern. The main objective of this study is to investigate whether the development of irrigation in arid bio-geographical areas in Central Tunisia have led to the establishment of a stable cycle involving sand flies of the subgenus Larroussius and Leishmania infantum, a...

in order to determine the hygiene indices of bathing water, and it's water quality, a survey and laboratory analysis was recently undertaken on 34 outdoor public swimming pools out of a total 126 in tehran metropolitan area according to simple random sampling without replacement. this survey revealed remarkable evidence of waver bacterial contamination at heavy bather load time. examined water ...

A comprehensive survey of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) was conducted in Swat Pakistan, from April to September during 2000. The survey involved the sampling of both, adult and immature stages of mosquitoes, and recovered a total of 21 species in five genera. Sampling of adult mosquitoes involved Pyrethrum spray collections, Man-biting collections, and Animal-biting collection. Immature stage...