A long line of legal scholarship has examined how formal or legal sanctions can deter misbehavior or facilitate cooperation. A second strand of legal scholarship asks how informal or reputational sanctions can accomplish these same goals. Insufficient attention has been paid to why, in reality, these two kinds of sanctions often co-exist and how they interact with each other. This paper attempt...

Title of Document: THE UTILITY OF DETERRENCE-BASED SANCTIONS IN THE PREVENTION OF VIOLENCE AGAINST ABORTION PROVIDERS: TESTING A BLENDED MODEL OF DETERRENCE AND BACKLASH Brad Bartholomew, Doctor of Philosophy, 2012 Directed by: Professor Gary LaFree Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice The American abortion debate has existed since the early 19 century; however, the previous four deca...

This brief article argues for a narrow definition of cyberwar and a technology-centric approach to understanding its strategic implications. Based on a review of the underlying technologies, approaches to facilitating peace in this rather new form of confrontation will be derived. This brief discussion already shows that Cold War era strategies such as credible deterrence through retaliation ar...

We develop a model of logit demand that extends the traditional duopoly framework of network competition to a multi-firm industry. First, we show that incumbents establish the reciprocal access charge inefficiently below cost when they compete in prices but they behave efficiently if they compete in utilities. Secondly, we study how incumbents determine the industry-wide access charge under the...

Existing nuclear deterrence scholarship evinces a pervasive ‘‘existential bias,’’ assuming that once a state merely possesses nuclear weapons, it should be able to deter armed conflict. The empirical literature expresses this bias by simply dichotomously coding a state based on whether it has nuclear weapons, thereby treating all nuclear states as equivalent. Thus, whether nuclear weapons deter...

This paper asks whether publicizing firms’ regulatory performance influences their subsequent compliance behavior in the domain of workplace safety. It utilizes a policy change by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) whereby it started issuing a press release detailing safety and health violations found during an inspection if that inspection resulted in financial penalties ...

This study explores a small-state’s offensive cyber capabilities as deterrent against great-power hostilities. More specifically, it poses the question: Could Norway successfully deter hostile operations of greater powers, notably China and Russia, by signaling resolve to retaliate within same domain? The reviews literature on small state’s prospects acquiring relevant capabilities; deterrence-...

We study the impact of simplification, deterrence, and tax morale on compliance. ran four natural field experiments varying communication administration with universe income taxpayers in Belgium throughout process. A consistent picture emerges across experiments: (i) simplifying substantially increases compliance, (ii) deterrence messages have an additional positive effect, (iii) invoking is no...

For many humanitarian agencies, acceptance—gaining the trust and protection of local communities—is the preferred security management tool for reasons of perception, ease of access and cost (both real and opportunity costs). Humanitarian agencies have long been uncomfortable with the contradiction of using deterrence mechanisms in humanitarian operations, although the increased use of armed gua...

This paper develops a new approach to testing for strategic entry deterrence and applies it to the behavior of pharmaceutical incumbents just before they lose patent protection. The approach involves looking at a cross-section of markets and examining whether behavior is nonmonotonic in the size of the market. Under certain conditions, investment levels will be monotone in market size if firms ...