The aim of this paper is to propose a systematic classification of emotions which can also characterize their nature. The first challenge we address is the submission of clear criteria for a theory of emotions that determinewhichmental phenomena are emotions and which are not. We suggest that emotions as a subclass of mental states are determined by their functional roles. The second and main c...

This article argues that behavioral differentiation of the sexes is minimal when children are observed or tested individually. Sex differences emerge primarily in social situations, and their nature varies with the gender composition of dyads and groups. Children find same-sex play partners more compatible, and they segregate themselves into same-sex groups, in which distinctive interaction sty...

We consider three models of investments in generation capacity in restructured electricity systems that differ by their underlying economic assumptions. The first model assumes a perfect, competitive equilibrium. It is very similar to the old capacity expansion models even if its economic interpretation is different. The second model (open-loop Cournot game) extends the Cournot model to include...

Ein Identitätsmanagementsystem ermöglicht es dem Benutzer, verschiedene Identitäten zu definieren und zu wählen, in welcher Rolle er gegenüber dem Kommunikationspartner auftritt und welche Informationen er über sich offenbart. Das Ziel dieser Arbeit ist es, einen Überblick über existierende Anwendungen für Identitätsmanagement im Internet zu geben und diese hinsichtlich der Erfüllung von Privat...

The ability to recall the past is fundamental yet until relatively recently, infants were assumed to lack the capacity. Contrary to this perspective, non-verbal tests indicate that developments in recall are well underway by late in the first year of life; by the end of the second year, long-term recall is reliable and robust. New research combining electrophysiological and behavioral measures ...

What is it to have a reason? According to one common idea, the Factoring Account, you have a reason to do A when there is a reason for you to do A which you have—which is somehow in your possession or grasp. In this paper, I argue that this common idea is false. But though my arguments are based on the practical case, the implications of this are likely to be greatest in epistemology: for the p...

Sequence-space synesthetes experience some sequences (e.g., numbers, calendar units) as arranged in spatial forms, i.e., spatial patterns in their mind's eye or even outside their body. Various explanations have been offered for this phenomenon. Here we argue that these spatial forms are continuous with varieties of non-synesthetic visuospatial imagery and share their central characteristics. T...