objective: level of serum homocysteine is remarkably common among patients with moderate to sever renal failure. we assessed whether serum homocysteine concentrations were correlated with proteinuria in overt diabetic nephropathy. materials and methods: a cross-sectional study was carried out on 45 patients (29 males, 16 females) with overt proteinuria. all subjects had type 2 diabetes. data in...

 Etiology: CKD is the terminal stage of chronic progressive nephropathies which include: 1. Glomerular nephropathies:  severe glomerulonephritis (80% of CKD cases)  diabetic nephropathy  renal amyloidosis 2. Renal vascular nephropathies:  malignant hypertension  hypertension nephroangiosclerosis  bilateral renal artery sclerosis 3. Tubulointerstitial nephropathies  chronic pyelonephriti...

conclusions cu, zn and cr play a specific role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. meanwhile in these patients, low serum levels of cu, zn and cr were not associated with factors such as drinking water. possible causes should be sought in other factors like urine, intervention factors in absorption and utilization and individual conditions. results mean ± sd levels of zn, cu and cr ...

background impaired fasting glucose (ifg), and impaired glucose tolerance (igt) are two prediabetes conditions which have some correlation with macrovascular disorders. the risk of microvascular complications in these groups is not clear. objectives the prevalence of albuminuria in subjects with ifg and igt was evaluated in the present study. patients and methods in this study three groups of s...

conclusions in conclusion, the ace and pparg genes do not have a key role in conferring risk for diabetic nephropathy. results ace id genotypes followed hardy-weinberg equilibrium in both cases and controls. but p12a genotypes deviated from hardy-weinberg equilibrium in diabetic controls. chi2 test was applied for the analysis of genotypic distributions in genotypic and dominant models. odds ra...

The clinical benefits of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARB) are well established in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathies. But despite appearance, the magnitude of this effect has been questioned particularly in mild, proteinuric nephropathies. Given that the single agents can achieve only partia...

Progression to end-stage renal disease is common in chronic nephropathies, independent of the initial insult. While genetic factors may contribute to susceptibility and progression of renal disease, proteinuria has been documented as an independent predictor of outcome. Reduction of urinary protein levels by restoration of glomerular sieving function with renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers...