Background: Femoral stem anteversion during hip arthroplasty is generally estimated by eye intraoperatively and hasproven to be different from targeted values. This study aims to determine the accuracy of a novel technique using adigital protractor and a spirit level to improve surgeons’ estimation of stem anteversion.Methods: A prospective non-randomized study was conducted a...

[Purpose] The present study aimed to demonstrate the following by using measurements for the definite angles provided by the digital protractor: inter-rater reliability and validity in radiograph measurements and smartphone application measurements. [Subjects and Methods] The subject angles were 26 angles between 15° and 180° that were selected randomly using a computer. Three examiners measure...

In this work a new optical method of measuring the static angles of repose of hard wheat grain is presented. Conventional methods of measuring angle of repose are based on manual measurements of angle by protractor or calculation from measured diameter and height of the pile using the trigonometric equation. These methods are based on the assumption that the stacked grains form a symmetrical co...

Many animals are equipped with organs that can be everted, a notable example being male copulatory organs. The ability to protrude or evert an organ generally requires protractor and retractor muscles. Male copulatory behaviour of the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.) involves eversion (protraction) and retraction of the relatively large penis-carrying organ. For this preputium, protractor and ...

Widmer (J Arthroplasty 2004;19:387) reported a protractor for measuring the anteversion of acetabular cups on radiographs but with limited precision. We intended to improve its precision by trigonometric mathematics. We measured the anteversion of the acetabular cups on 336 simulated radiographs using aforementioned 2 methods. The anteversion measured by Widmer's protractor ranged from 7 degree...

Coordination between different motor centers is essential for the orderly production of all complex behaviors, in both vertebrates and invertebrates. The current study revealed that rhythmic activities of two feeding structures of the pteropod mollusk Clione limacina, radula and hooks, which are used to extract the prey from its shell, are highly coordinated in a phase-dependent manner. Hook pr...