human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (hg-csf) induces proliferation and differentiation of granulocyte progenitor cells. this glycoprotein is currently being used for treatment of neutropenia, in patients who have undergone bone marrow transplantation. so far, different researchers have tried to enhance hg-csf biological activity and stability. in this study, polymerase chain reaction (p...

background: finding shows that there were several problems in the treatment of helicobacter pylori infection such as the emergence of resistance to the antibiotics, the risk of recrudescence, and the high cost of treatment. the ineffectiveness of conventional treatment mechanisms against cancer cells reveals the importance of peptides as a novel therapeutic approach. however, the short length o...

background: splicing by overlap extension (soe) pcr is used to create mutation in the coding sequence of an enzyme in order to study the role of specific residues in protein’s structure and function.objectives: we introduced a nested-soe-pcr (n –soe-pcr) in order to increase the specificity and generating mutations in a gene by soe-pcr.  materials and methods: genomic dna from bacillus thermoca...

METHODS THAT GENERATE BASE SUBSTITUTIONS ...................................... Fragment Mutagenesis followed by Recombination .................................................. Site Mutagenesis of Intact Genomes ....................................... Incorporation of nucleotide analogues ............................. Bisulfte reaction at single-stranded gaps .....................................

Structural elements of the rat 1.t-opioid receptor important in ligand receptor binding and selectivity were examined using a site-directed mutagenesis approach. Five single amino acid mutations were made, three that altered conserved residues in the ~ 8, and K receptors (Asn 15°t Ala, His297 to Ala, and Tyr326 to Phe) and wo de igned to test for ~i/8 selectivity (lie198 to Val and Va1202 to li...