A technique to incorporate directivity in the Pseudospectral time-domain method (PSTD) for auralization purposes is presented. The Pseudospectral time-domain method is a numerical method for solving the wave equation that requires only two spatial points per wavelength, making it more efficient compared to other wave based methods. The effect of source directivity as well as the head-related di...

Fling-step and forward directivity are two important characteristics of near-field earthquakes. Forward directivity occurs when the rupture propagates toward the site and arises in fault‐normal direction for strike‐slip faults. Fling-step is the consequence of permanent ground displacement imposed by near-field earthquakes and arises in strike-slip faults in the strike parallel direction. Fling...

The present study reveals the existence of an intrinsic spatial code within neuronal spikes that predicts behavior. As rats learnt a T-maze procedural task, simultaneous changes in temporal occurrence of spikes and spike directivity are evidenced in “expert” neurons. While the number of spikes between the tone delivery and the beginning of turn phase reduced with learning, the generated spikes ...

[1] To accurately estimate the seismic energy radiated in an earthquake, it is important to use appropriate corrections for path and source effects. Using slip models obtained by inversion of seismic data, we examine the effect of directivity on estimates of radiated energy and develop a method to correct for this source effect. From our calculations we suggest that the directivity correction f...

We report a high-directivity plasmon-resonant terahertz (THz) emitter (PRE) incorporating a 3D-integrated antenna complex. The emitter structure is based on a high electron mobility transistor having unique doubly interdigitated grating gates as a broadband THz antenna that can convert non-radiative plasmons to radiative electromagnetic waves. Due to the sub-wavelength aperture of practical gra...

Pipa is one of the most important Chinese traditional plucked instruments, but its directivity has never been measured systematically. In western, directivity of loudness for western instruments is deeply researched through analysis of sound pressure level, whereas the directivity of timbre is seldom studied. In this paper, a new method for directivity of timbre was proposed, and horizontal dir...

In a recent work, the beamsteering characteristics of parametric loudspeakers were validated in an experiment. It was shown that based on the product directivity model, the locations and amplitudes of the mainlobe and grating lobes could be predicted within acceptable errors. However, the measured amplitudes of sidelobes have not been able to match the theoretical results accurately. In this pa...

Linear and planar antenna arrays are synthesized to have maximum directivity for a specified sidelobe level. The directivity is maximized subject to a given SLL. The beamwidth and the zeros of array factor are studied as well as the directivity. Maximum directivity-arrays are compared through some examples with super-directive, uniform, Dolph-Chebyshev and Riblet-Chebychev arrays to find a comp...

In general the audible sound has the characteristics of spreading, however the ultrasound is directional. This study used amplitude-modulating technique for an array of 8 ultrasonic transducers to produce directional audible sound beam. In this study sound field distribution for the directional audible sound beam has been investigated. The effect of different weightings varied with different fr...