This study aims to investigate the apology speech act strategy employed by Japanese language learners at intermediate level and pragmatic transfer from L1 L2 that occurs. The data for this were gathered using Discourse Completion Test (DCT), which examined four situations focusing on relationships with interlocutors. subjects of 53 learners. collected then classified into eight strategies or se...

The present study aimed to identify strategies used to realize the speech act of offerin Persian. To do so, 195 male and female native Persian speakers were selected fromdiverse age ranges, educational backgrounds, and social classes, and were assigned a36-item Discourse Completion Task (DCT) to elicit the speech act of offer. Thirtyfield workers also recorded naturally occurring interactions c...

Abstract Although euphemism has been studied in many Arabic dialects, it not yet received due attention Iraqi (IA). This study investigates the use of euphemistic strategies by IA speakers and effect gender degree formality on these strategies. In order to achieve objectives, a discourse completion test (DCT) was developed distributed 160 (80 males 80 females) university students. The data were...

alternative assessment approaches received considerable attention soon after a discontent with traditional, one-shot testing. these approaches, however, have been used only to improve learners’ linguistic ability despite communicative models of language which pointed that knowledge of language also involves pragmatic ability (bachman, 1990; bachman & palmer, 1996). the present study tries t...

this study was an attempt to shed light on the use of requestive speech act by iranian nonnative speakers (nnss) of english and canadian native speakers (nss) of english to find out the (possible) similarities and/or differences between the request realizations, and to investigate the influence of the situational variables of power, distance, context familiarity, and l1’s (possible) influence. ...

the present study, on the one hand, attempted to investigate the strategies applied in dispreferred responses by iranian university students of english and the extent to which pragmatic transfer could occur.  on the other hand, the study aimed to probe into the association between dispreferred organization and turn-shape. to this end, 31 relevant naturally occurring conversations, totaling 120 ...

Notwithstanding the fact that extensive studies have highlighted positive impact of flipped learning on developing learners’ skills, literature has still been silent its effect Indonesian English communicative competence. To address this issue, experimental study sheds some light significant method A total 40 learners a university in Indonesia were grouped into and non-flipped classrooms. Throu...

Several  studies  have  indicated  that  the  range  and  linguistics  expressions  of  external modifiers  available  in  one  language  differ  from  those  available  in  another  language.  The present study aims to investigate the cross-cultural differences and similarities with regards to  the  realization  of  request  external  modifications.  To  this  end,  30  Iraqi  and  30  Malay u...

The use of politeness strategies can help interlocutors promote and/or maintain social harmony in telephone interactions. Using the Rapport Management Model proposed by Spencer-Oatey (2008), this study aimed primarily to reinvestigate the closing structures of telephone conversation (hereafter abbreviated as TC) in Persian and to discover the common politeness strategies used by native Persian ...

To date, little research on pragmatic transfer has considered a multilingual situation where there is an interaction among three different languages spoken by one person. Of interest was whether pragmatic transfer of refusals among three languages spoken by the same person occurs from L1 and L2 to L3, L1 to L2 and then to L3 or from L1 and L1 (if there are more than one L1) to L2. This study ai...