In this paper we continue previous work from Sannella, Sokolowski and Tarlecki on parameterization in specification languages. Within the loose approach, we define specification and model level semantics for two kinds of parameterizations (parameterized specifications and specifications of parameterized data types) and describe, in a compositional manner, parameter passing at the two levels. Mo...

Article history: Received 10 April 2015 Received in revised form 9 August 2016 Accepted 16 August 2016 Available online 24 August 2016 Communicated by D. Sannella

A glutathione (GSH) adduct of the mycotoxin 4-deoxynivalenol (DON), together with a range of related conjugates, has recently been tentatively identified by LC-MS of DON-treated wheat spikelets. In this study, we prepared samples of DON conjugated at the 10- and 13-positions with GSH, Cys, CysGly, γ-GluCys and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The mixtures of conjugates were used as standards for LC-HRMS...

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) may play an important role in plant nutrition and nitrogen fluxes in forest ecosystems. In spite of the apparent importance of DON, there is a paucity of information concerning its chemical composition. However, it is exactly this chemical characterization that is required to understand the importance of DON in ecosystem processes. The primary objective of this ...

Previous research showed that nursery pigs fed deoxynivalenol (DON) contaminated diets supplemented with spray-dried porcine plasma (SDPP) had similar growth rate and feed intake as those consuming noncontaminated diets. In this study, two blocks of 100 weanling pigs were used to determine the optimal inclusion level of spray-dried bovine plasma(SDBP) required in nursery diets contaminated with...

[1] The allochthonous supply of dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from gyre margins into the interior of the ocean’s oligotrophic subtropical gyres potentially provides an important source of new N to gyre surface waters, thus sustaining export production. This process requires that a fraction of the transported DON be available to euphotic zone photoautotroph communities via mineralization. In ...

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a secondary fungal metabolite and contaminant mycotoxin that is widely detected in wheat and corn products cultivated around the world. Bio-remediation methods have been extensively studied in the past two decades and promising ways to reduce DON-associated toxicities have been reported. Bacterial epimerization of DON at the C3 carbon was recently reported to induce a si...

Both the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) and Salmonella Typhimurium are major issues in swine production. This study aimed at examining the interaction between DON and Salmonella Typhimurium at the level of the porcine innate immune system, represented by macrophages. First, we assessed the direct cytotoxic effect of DON on porcine macrophages. Incubation with 0.25 microg/mL of DON or higher res...

To determine if deoxynivalenol (DON) is concentrated in small corn screenings, fourteen to twenty-three 1.1 kg test samples were taken from each of 10 barges of shelled corn. Each of the 181 test samples was divided into 2 components (fines and clean) using a 5 mm screen. The clean component sample rode the 5 mm screen and the fines component sample passed through the 5 mm screen. The DON conce...