the majority of coronary artery fistulas (cafs) are congenital. the anomaly accounts for 0.4% of congenital heart defects and approximately 50% of pediatric coronary vasculature anomalies. twenty percent of people with congenital cafs have other concomitant cardiac anomalies, most frequently aortic and pulmonary atresia and patent ductus arteriosus. it is worthy of note that caf with the tetral...

In a previous study the possibility that tetralogy of Fallot and transposition of the great arteries may arise as a result of embryonic arrests in the normal rotation of the junction of the outflow tract and the great arteries was investigated. The results suggested that the development of other transposition complexes such as double-outlet right ventricle might also be related to arrests in th...