The role of using meta-discourse elements in writing, especially in research newspapers, is so important that their authors can convey certainty, doubt, and characteristics of the writers in their writings. There are different meta-discourse markers used by various authors in different branches; for example, hedges and boosters are the most important devices in writing. The meta-discourse eleme...

Institutions in the History of Chile (1820 – 1925) Samuel Tschorne V. Universidad Adolfo Ibañéz Introduction The objective of this paper is to make a meaningful contribution to the debate over the importance of institutions and law in the political history of Chile during the 19 century. It is commonly held that in Chile there is a majoritarian opinion according to which we enjoy an exceptional...

This research explored the feasibility of using multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis in novel combination with other techniques to study comprehension of epistemic adverbs expressing doubt and certainty (e.g., evidently, obviously, probably) as they relate to health communication in clinical settings. In Study 1, Australian English speakers performed a dissimilarity-rating task with sentence...

It is generally assumed that if it is possible to believe that p without believing that q, then there is some difference between the object of the thought that p and the object of the thought that q. This assumption is challenged in the present paper, opening the way to an account of epistemic opacity that improves on existing accounts, not least because it casts doubt on various arguments that...

We examined the attentional demands of the preparation process that intervenes a warning stimulus (S1) and a subsequent reaction stimulus (S2). Twelve participants performed a reaction task with a variable S1–S2 interval both with and without concurrent memory load that served to deplete attentional resources. We found that memory load did not modify the effect of the S1-S2 interval on reaction...

the present paper studies hedges in persian academic papers. hedging has an important role in academic discourse; in fact it is a device expressing a writer's degree of certainty or doubt about a proposition. in this study, a collection of 114 academic papers (57 papers in the field of chemistry and 57 papers in the field of persian literature) have been analyzed. the results show that the...

Theology as a story of doubt and imagination is to be understood against the background interdisciplinary social science in contrast traditional paradigm theology system propositional certainty. The concepts are part parcel narrative research can also linked postfoundational philosophy. relevancy this theological will discussed on basis following: (1) It touch with its own doubt, (2) (tradition...

The Pech Merle spotted horses have been one of the key lines of evidence put forward in support of the notion Upper Palaeolithic cave depictions relate to a concern for the supernatural. Recent findings from genetics has cast doubt on this notion in confirming that such horses actually existed during the Upper Palaeolithic in Europe and therefore it is possible real, rather than fictitious, hor...