For a ⊆ b ⊆ ω with b\a infinite, the set D = {x ∈ [ω] : a ⊆ x ⊆ b} is called a doughnut. Doughnuts are equivalent to conditions of Silver forcing, and so, a set S ⊆ [ω] is called Silver measurable, also known as completely doughnut, if for every doughnut D there is a doughnut D′ ⊆ D which is contained or disjoint from S. In this paper, we investigate the Silver measurability of ∆2 and Σ 1 2 set...

For a ⊆ b ⊆ ω with b \ a infinite, the set D = {x ∈ [ω] : a ⊆ x ⊆ b} is called a doughnut. A set S ⊆ [ω] has the doughnut property D , if it contains or is disjoint from a doughnut. It is known that not every set S ⊆ [ω] has the doughnut property, but S has the doughnut property if it has the Baire property B or the Ramsey property R . In this paper it is shown that a finite support iteration o...

Infarct size was estimated by cumulative creatine kinase MB isoenzyme (CKMB-r) release and by technetium 99m stannous pyrophosphate (TcPYP) scintigraphy in 27 patients with acute anterior myocardial infarction. In eight patients, scintigraphy showed a central area of reduced tracer uptake surrounded by a peripheral rim of increased TcPYP accumulation ("doughnut" pattern). This appearance occurr...

Product affinity segmentation is a powerful technique for marketers and sales professionals to gain a good understanding of customers’ needs, preferences, and purchase behavior. Performing product affinity segmentation is quite challenging in practice because product level data usually have high skewness, high kurtosis, and large percentage of zero values. The Doughnut clustering method has bee...

BACKGROUND A doughnut-shaped aneurysm, which is defined as a round-shaped aneurysm composed of an intraluminar thrombus and marginal parent artery, is an extremely uncommon subtype of partially thrombosed giant aneurysms. Surgical treatment of this characteristic aneurysm is technically challenging. CASE DESCRIPTION We report a rare case of a 79-year-old man with a symptomatic doughnut-shaped...

We introduce two classes of graphs, Indonesian graphs and k-doughnut graphs. Cycle double covers are constructed for these classes. In case of doughnut graphs this is done for the values k = 1, 2, 3 and 4.

The generalization of everyday concepts, and applying rigor thereunto, has long intrigued the mathematician. The topic of an obstruction theory arises from the question of deforming continuous maps, and what, exactly, holes are. Intuitively, the fundamental difference between an orange and a doughnut is that a doughnut has a hole, and an orange does not. When shrinking a rubber band around an o...

Spatiotemporal correlations of the one-dimensional spring-block (BurridgeKnopoff) model of earthquakes, either with or without the viscosity term, are studied by means of numerical computer simulations. The continuum limit of the model is examined by systematically investigating the model properties with varying the block-size parameter a toward a→ 0. The Kelvin viscosity term is introduced so ...