background: due to the lack of proper rail road and air transportation, most commutes in iran are carried out by buses. in most cases, the water in the busses is used for passengers for drinking usage. although this kind of water source has provided convince for the travelers, it could be a great risk in disease outbreak. the aim of this study is to determine the water quality in commuting buse...

INTRODUCTION Caloric intake among children could be reduced if sugar-sweetened beverages were replaced by plain water. School drinking water infrastructure is dictated in part by state plumbing codes, which generally require a minimum ratio of drinking fountains to students. Actual availability of drinking fountains in schools and how availability differs according to plumbing codes is unknown....

the holy shrine of imam rezaas is one of the most important places in iran in terms of religious and public beliefs. huge volumes of pilgrims travel to the mentioned place, so the appropriated environmental and furniture design to increase the visitors' satisfaction is inevitable. in this regards, the main objective of this study is to identify an appropriated design for public water taps ...

Since Babagorgorfountain in the Ghorveh city of Kurdistan province is located in the arsenic belt of Iran, to raise awareness about the quality of drinking water from this fountain the concentration of arsenic and other heavy metals as well as other physicochemical parameters were investigated to protect the public health. In this study, water samples were collected from Babagorgorfountain. Ars...

INTRODUCTION Concerns about the influence of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption on obesity have led experts to recommend that water be freely available in schools. We explored perceptions about the adequacy of drinking water provision in a large California school district to develop policies and programs to encourage student water consumption. METHODS From March to September 2007, we used s...

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in water catchments and drinking waters raises potential risks to public health. Therefore, after addressing the major aquatic contamination pathway, wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), and, subsequently, surface waters, 18 human from 6 therapeutic groups (antibiotics, lipid regulators, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory d...

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was determination of the level of water contamination in fountains in Toruń, Poland. METHODS The studies were conducted at monthly intervals from May - September 2009, and consisted in the determination of the number of heterotrophic bacteria capable of growing at a temperature of 22 and 37°C (PN-ISO 6222), as well as the number of coliform bacteria (PN-75/C-04...

BACKGROUND In January 2015, Berkeley, California became the first city in the Unites States to impose a tax on sugar-sweetened beverages. The tax is intended to discourage purchase of sugary beverages and promote consumption of healthier alternatives such as tap water. The goal of the study was to assess the condition of public drinking water fountains and determine if there is a difference in ...

INTRODUCTION Recent legislation requires schools to provide free drinking water in food service areas (FSAs). Our objective was to describe access to water at baseline and student water intake in school FSAs and to examine barriers to and strategies for implementation of drinking water requirements. METHODS We randomly sampled 24 California Bay Area public schools. We interviewed 1 administra...