The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) define the daily requirement for energy as the Estimated Energy Requirement (EER). The EER is based on calculations that account for an individual's energy intake, energy expenditure, age, sex, weight, height, and physical activity level. Including physical activity level in the calculations makes determining energy expenditure possible and achieving energy ...

Dietitians and health care providers have critical roles in the translation of the dietary guidance to practice. The protein content of diets for adults can be based on the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 0.80 g/kg per day. Alternatively, the most recent Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for macronutrients reflect expanded guidance for assessing protein needs and consider the relative rel...

BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca(2+)) and vitamin D (VitD) play an important role in child health. We evaluated the daily intake of Ca(2+) and VitD in healthy children. Moreover, we demonstrate the efficacy of Ca(2+) and VitD supplementation. METHODS Daily Ca(2+) and VitD intake was evaluated in consecutive healthy children through a validated questionnaire. Subjects with <70% of dietary reference inta...

Dietary reference intakes (DRIs) for Vitamin D (VitD) have been traditionally established based on plasma 25-OHD concentration sufficient to prevent rickets and osteomalacia. While nutritional rickets is still prevalent in developing countries, hypovitaminosis D is becoming widespread around the world regardless the latitude. Emerging evidence has unravelled the physiological roles of VitD beyo...