Security evaluation and security assurance are important aspects of trust in e-business. CORAS is a European project which is developing a tool-supported framework for precise, unambiguous, and efficient risk assessment of security critical systems. The framework is obtained through adapting, refining, extending, and combining methods for risk analysis of critical systems and semiformal modelli...

The purpose of this study is to develop a decision making system to evaluate the risks in E-Commerce (EC) projects. Competitive software businesses have the critical task of assessing the risk in the software system development life cycle. This can be conducted on the basis of conventional probabilities, but limited appropriate information is available and so a complete set of probabilities is ...

Objective: Metal concentrations in 53 soil samples of Shahr-e-Babak were determined.  Methods: Assessment of enrichment factor and geo-accumulation index revealed higher degree of contamination of Cd, Pb, and Cu in soil samples. Moreover, results of metal fractionation study revealed high amount of Cd and Pb are associated in weakly bounds may lead to environmental risk of these metals.  Result...

Free-text answers assessment has been a field of interest during the last 50 years. Several free-text answers assessment tools underpinned by different techniques have been developed. In most cases the complexity of the underpinned techniques has caused those tools to be designed and developed as standalone tools. The rationales behind using computers to assist learning assessment are mainly to...

Although e-business is increasingly important to companies competing in global markets, rushed and ineffective implementation of e-business in companies results in valuable resources being wasted without achieving significant tangible benefits. To minimize risks and maximize potential benefits in e-business implementation, a company needs to know to what degree it is ready for ebusiness and in ...

E-government readiness assessment is a significant indicator in measuring citizen satisfaction levels in using E-government services. It provides an opportunity to learn about the government's strengths and weakness on the journey to excellence. Simultaneously, the main goal of E-government is to create an optimized relationship with its citizens. This paper presents an E-Government readiness a...

A key concern for any e-assessment tool (computer assisted assessment) is its efficiency in assessing the learner’s knowledge, skill set and ability. Multiple-choice questions are the most common means of assessment used in e-assessment systems, and are also successful. An efficient e-assessment system should use variety of question types including shortanswers, essays etc. and modes of respons...