Article history: Accepted 25 February 2013 JEL classification: G12 G14 E43

C-di-GMP is a second messenger in bacteria and partly regulates bacterial physiology by binding to class I and II riboswitches. Four class I c-di-GMP riboswitch aptamer candidates, Ct-E88, Cb-17B, Cb-E43 and Cd-630 RNAs, selected from a GEMM RNA sequence motif in the Rfam database, were expressed and experimentally verified to bind to c-di-GMP. The two newly characterized c-di-GMP riboswitches,...

We analyze the interaction between risk sharing and capital accumulation in a stochastic OLG model with production. We give a complete characterization of interim Pareto optimal competitive equilibrium allocations. Furthermore, we provide tests of Pareto optimality/suboptimality based on (risky) rates of return only. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. JEL classification: D61; D91; E13; E43

In this note we consider the treatment of structural breaks in VAR models used to test for unit roots and cointegration. We give practical guidelines for the inclusion and the specification of intervention dummies in those models. JEL Classification Code: C32, C52, E43.

Analytical expectational stability results are obtained for both Euler-equation and infinitehorizon adaptive learning in a simple stochastic growth model. The rational expectations equilibrium is stable under both types of learning, though there are differences in the learning dynamics. JEL Classification: E62, D84, E21, E43.