We show that previous results suggesting that government ownership of banks has a negative effect on economic growth are not robust to adding more „fundamental‟ determinants of economic growth, such as institutions. We also present regression results from a more recent period (1995-2007) which suggest that, if anything, government ownership of banks has been associated with higher long run grow...

economic policies need to be analyzed within consistent and coherent framework. in the absence of an operational framework the policy analyst is confronted with an indeterminate model to work with. this paper intends to offer a specific framework for economic-environment integration to highlight the role of economic policy and environment in sustainable development for the purpose of empiri...

This paper examines the relation between financial, corporate and legal systems, and economic performance in different countries. It reviews international comparisons that undertake detailed analyses of individual, developed countries and studies that use large, cross-country data banks, including developing countries. While the former do not provide evidence of a clear relation between differe...

China has been enjoyed a fast economic growth in the last three decades. One of the important reasons is its financial reform and development in banking sector. More and more foreign banks and nonstate-owned banks participate into the competition in banking industry. The productivity of banking sector keeps growing dramatically during the golden decade between the 1997 Asian financial crisis an...

This paper provides evidence on the links between financial deregulation and economic performance in a European context. Specifically, we study the relaxation of bank branching restrictions in Spain which triggered off a remarkable inter-regional expansion of savings banks which has been coincidental with an unprecedented period of sustained growth. Although related questions have been largely ...

The banking industry in Nigeria has been faced with enormous challenges that affect performance, management, and reliability. There are 24 banks in Nigeria today. These banks are referred to as consolidated banks. They emerged after the recapitalisation initiative of the central bank of Nigeria in 2005. Specifically, the central bank of Nigeria (CBN) raised the minimum capital requirement for e...

We show that previous results suggesting that government ownership of banks is associated with lower long run growth rates are not robust to adding more ‘fundamental’ determinants of economic growth. We also present new cross-country evidence for 1995-2007 which suggests that, if anything, government ownership of banks has been robustly associated with higher long run growth rates. While acknow...

abstract production is a process by which a productive activity will require some conditions (before and after the start of the production). one of the most important pre-required factors for start up a production unit is suitable business environment. one of the most important factors that must be provided after the start of production -during the production process and the time to market and ...