corruption defined as abuse of power by governmental officials for personal goals.in recent years, many articles about determinants of corruption have been written that introduced so many variables as determinants of corruption. these factors can be divided into two categories: economic and non-economic factors.in these article we examine the effect of economic activities combination on corrupt...

in this paper, we report an investigation of changes in land use and ecosystem services on loess plateau in northern shaanxi province from 1978 to 2004. we used three landsat tm and/or etm data sets to estimate changes in the size of five land-cover/land-use categories, and we also used previously published value coefficients to estimate changes in the value of ecosystem services delivered by e...

Resource-based theory focuses on how economic value is created and sustained, providing the theoretical underpinnings for explaining and predicting sustainable competitive advantage. An implicit assumption of resource-based theory is that the firm’s property rights to such resources are secure. However, where property rights to potentially value-creating resources are not fully secure, as in bu...