most developing countries have achieved productivity growth in economic sectors like agriculture for more than 30 years. universities and governmental research centers have tried to generate knowledge with direct social and economic effects during these decades. so, productivity and production growth can be attributed to technological changes made possible through investment in agricultural res...

It is now evident in the literature that the information and communication technology (ICT) has a positive and significant impact on the productivity and economic growth. Most studies in this area, however, are limited to the developed countries. Given different regulations and economic conditions, and also an increasing trend in allocating resources to ICT in developing countries, it is import...

Regulation is pervasive in modern societies. However, well targeted and designed regulation can generate significant benefits – delivering economic, social and environmental outcomes that may not have been achieved through a laissez-faire system. However, unnecessary or poorly formulated and implemented regulation can expose business to excessive compliance costs, stifle market competition and ...

Principles from the social thought of the Indian philosopher P.R. Sarkar are employed to show that there exists an optimal level of economic inequality that joins the values of economic justice and efficiency. Sarkar favored establishing a living wage as well as a maximum wage that allows for work incentives. It is argued that the primary justification for inequality is to provide incentives fo...

Introduction Approximately 53,000 acres of sugarcane are grown under irrigation in the low-rainfall regions north of Mtubatuba, mainly at Pongola and in the Eastern Transvaal. The number of acres which limited supplies of irrigation water should serve in these areas has not been clearly defined. The area in acres to be irrigated with one cusec of water pumped or available at the source, for a g...

Education and health are the two most important characteristics of human capital. Their economic value lies in the effects they have on productivity: both education and health make individuals more productive. Education and health have a considerable impact on individual well-being, as well. The wealth of nations is to a large extent determined by the educational attainment and the health statu...

Introduction....................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Recent Experiences with Consolidation ...................................................................................................................... 4 Consolidation and the Costs of Delivering Government Ser...