the essential nutrients in the pharmacological plants play a significant role in the remedy of illnesses but, these elements at high levels; can also be dangerous and toxic. the aim of this study was to determine the concentration of macro (mg, ca, p, and k) and micro (cu, zn, fe and mn) essential elements in seven indigenous pharmacological plants growing in fars province, southern iran. they ...

We present a framework for the rational analysis of elemental causal induction – learning about the existence of a relationship between a single cause and effect – based upon causal graphical models. This framework makes precise the intuitive distinction between causal structure and causal strength: the difference between asking whether or not a causal relationship exists, and asking how strong...

in the present study, carbon species including organic carbon (oc), elemental carbon (ec), and water-soluble organic carbon (wsoc) concentration in pm2.5 were assessed at an urban site of tehran, iran during march to june 2014. the pm2.5 samples were collected using an frmomnitm ambient air sampler. thermal gravimetric analysis (tga) was used to analyze oc and ec. the results showed that pm2.5 ...