OBJECTIVE The spread of nosocomial multiresistant microorganisms is affected by compliance with infection control measures and antibiotic use. We hypothesized that "colonization pressure" (ie, the proportion of other patients colonized) also is an important variable. We studied the effect of colonization pressure, compliance with infection control measures, antibiotic use, and other previously ...

Diarrhoea is a common and serious complication of enteral tube feeding. Its pathogenesis involves antibiotic prescription, enteropathogenic colonization and abnormal colonic responses, all of which involve an interaction with the colonic microbiota. Alterations in the colonic microbiota have been identified in patients receiving enteral tube feeding and these changes may be associated with the ...

Preterm infants are susceptible to infection and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and are often treated with antibiotics. Simultaneous administration of enteral and parenteral antibiotics during the first days after preterm birth prevents formula-induced NEC lesions in pigs, but it is unknown which administration route is most effective. We hypothesized that only enteral antibiotics suppress gut...

Introduction Emergence of carbapemenases and their worldwide distribution has worsens the clinical scenario of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Selective Digestive Decontamination (SDD) has been used to prevent development of nosocomial colonization and infections in ICU patients. However, rectal colonization with multirresistant bacteria is a serious concern with SDD. An effect...

Introduction: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains a common gastrointestinal disease in preterm infants. Inappropriate bacterial colonization of the gut, together with enteral formula feeding, predispose to NEC in both preterm infants and preterm pigs. Regardless, it remains unclear how and when to manipulate the gut microbiota (e.g. by use of pre-, proor antibiotics) to improve mucosal immu...

Background: The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of synbiotics on the intestinal colonization rate of Candida albicans in low birth weight neonates (i.e., under 2,500 g), which is one of the most important events for necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods: During one year, 106 preterm neonates with a birth weight of less than 2,500 g, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Uni...

BACKGROUND The pathogenesis of diarrhea in patients receiving enteral feeding includes colonic water secretion, antibiotic prescription, and enteropathogenic colonization, each of which involves an interaction with the gastrointestinal microbiota. OBJECTIVE The objective was to investigate temporal changes in the concentrations of fecal microbiota and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in patien...