Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent bovine mastitis pathogen in Argentina. The ability of this organism to produce enterotoxins is linked to staphylococcal food poisoning. Staphylococcal enterotoxins are low molecular weight proteins, highly resistant to heat and proteolytic enzyme activity. The aim of this study was to determine the ability to produce enterotoxins and types of enteroto...

The Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins are a superfamily of secreted virulence factors that share structural and functional similarities and possess potent superantigenic activity causing disruptions in adaptive immunity. The enterotoxins can be separated into two groups; the classical (SEA-SEE) and the newer (SEG-SElY and counting) enterotoxin groups. Many members from both these groups contri...

In response to environmental cues the human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus synthesizes and releases proteinaceous enterotoxins. These enterotoxins are natural etiologic entities of severe food poisoning, toxic shock syndrome, and acute diseases. Staphylococcal enterotoxins are currently listed as Category B Bioterrorism Agents by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention. They are associate...

With use of the rabbit intestinal loop model, heat-labile enterotoxins from 21 Escherichia coli strains isolated from a wide spectrum of patients with diarrheal diseases were all neutralized to high titer by two antisera prepared against enterotoxins of either E. coli or Vibrio cholerae. These findings suggest marked immunological similarity among heat-labile enterotoxins from a heterogenous gr...

The study of enterotoxins began in earnest approximately 30 years ago with characterization of the cholera toxin. So far, more enterotoxins have been associated with Gram-negative rather than Gram-positive bacteria. These substances can be roughly divided into the cytotonic variety, which primarily interfere with intestinal cell metabolism, and those which are cytotoxic, responsible for cell de...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of enterotoxigenic strains of staphylococci in children aged five years and below suffering from sporadic diarrhoea and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern. DESIGN Collection of stool samples from children with sporadic diarrhoea and laboratory based microbiological analysis. SETTING Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Microb...

Currently, three commercial kits for Bacillus cereus enterotoxins Nhe and/or Hbl detection are available, namely, the Bacillus diarrheal enterotoxin visual immunoassay (BDE VIA™) kit (3M Tecra), B. cereus enterotoxin reversed passive latex agglutination (BCET-RPLA) kit (Oxoid), and the Duopath(®) Cereus Enterotoxins (Merck). The performance of the kits and their applicability to gastrointestina...

Mouse thymocytes were used to compare mechanisms by which Vibrio cholerae and heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxins activate the adenylate cyclase-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (AMP) system. Both enterotoxins had their time-delayed increase in cyclic AMP neutralized by antisera to V. cholerae or E. coli enterotoxin, blocked by low concentrations of ganglioside G(M1), and destroyed by prior...