Measles remains a major cause of child mortality, in part due to an inability to vaccinate young infants with the current live attenuated virus vaccine (LAV). To explore new approaches to infant vaccination, chimeric Venezuelan equine encephalitis/Sindbis virus (VEE/SIN) replicon particles were used to express the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of measles virus (MV). Juvenile rhesus ...

We investigate the universal nonequilibrium dynamics of superradiant phase transition in anisotropic quantum Rabi model. By introducing position and momentum operators, we find generators displaced operators to diagonalize Hamiltonian, then obtain ground states their excitation gaps. According Kibble-Zurek mechanism, that gap near critical point vanishes as $\ensuremath{\omega}\ensuremath{\sim}...

Triangulated derived categories are considered which establish a commutative scheme (triangle) for determine or compute hypercohomology of motives the obtaining solutions field equations. The determination this arises category $\textup{DM}_{\textup {gm}}(k)$,  is motivic objects whose image under $\textup {Spec}(k)$  that to say, an equivalence underlying triangulated tensor c...

Experimental studies evaluated the vector competence of Ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus (Wiedemann), Culex cancer Theobald, Culex pseudes (Dyar and Knab), Culex taeniopus Dyar and Knab, and a Culex (Culex) species, probably Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Culex nigripalpus Theobald from Chiapas, Mexico, and Tocoa, Honduras, for epizootic (IC) and enzootic (IE) strains of Venezuelan equine encephalo...

The ecology of Venezuelan equine encephalitis (VEE) virus transmission was compared at three enzootic foci: two forest sites in the Catatumbo region of western Venezuela that have yielded small numbers of virus isolates since the 1970s, and another focus in the middle Magdalena Valley of Colombia that has consistently yielded many VEE virus isolates. Our results demonstrated dramatic difference...

Let S be an ordered semigroup. In this paper we first introduce the concepts of (∈,∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals, (∈,∈ ∨q)-fuzzy bi-ideals and (∈,∈ ∨q)-fuzzy generalized bi-ideals of an ordered semigroup S, and investigate their related properties. Furthermore, we also define the upper and lower parts of fuzzy subsets of an ordered semigroup S, and investigate the properties of (∈,∈ ∨q)-fuzzy ideals of S....

The concepts of (∈,∈ ∨ q)-fuzzy (implicative, positive implicative and fantastic) filters of BL-algebras are introduced and some related properties are investigated. Some characterizations of these generalized fuzzy filters are derived. In particular, we describe the relationships among ordinary fuzzy (implicative, positive implicative and fantastic) filters, (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy (implicative, positiv...

In this paper, we introduce  the notions of   interval-valued and $(in,ivq)$-interval-valued fuzzy ($p$-,$q$- and $a$-) ideals    of   BCI algebras   and investigate some of their properties.   We then derive characterization theorems for these generalized interval-valued fuzzy ideals  and discuss their relationship.