This paper describes the concept of higher order quotients and an implementation in Isabelle Higher order quotients are a gen eralization of quotients They use partial equivalence relations PERs instead of equivalence relations to group together di erent elements This makes them applicable to arbitrary function spaces Higher order quo tients are conservatively implemented in the Isabelle logic ...

A computational scheme for reasoning about dynamic systems using (causal) probabilistic networks is presented. The scheme is based on the framework of Lauritzen and Spiegel­ halter {1988), and may be viewed as a gen­ eralization of the inference methods of clas­ sical time-series analysis in the sense that it allows description of non-linear, multi­ variate dynamic systems with complex con­ dit...

We design a declarative variant of Rémy’s algorithm, for uniform ran7 dom generation of binary trees. 8 Using the same basic mechanism as in the case of binary trees, we derive a gen9 eralization to term algebras of an arbitrary signature. With trees seen as sets of 10 edges connecting vertices labeled with logic variables, we use Prolog’s multiple11 answer generation mechanism to derive a gene...

Jeffrey's rule has been generalized by Wagner to the case in which new evidence bounds the possible revisions of a prior probability below by a Dempsterian lower probability. Classical probability kinematics arises within this gen­ eralization as the special case in which the evidentiary focal elements of the bounding lower probability are pairwise disjoint. We discuss a twofold extension of th...

introduction: to compare the effects of 0.05% sodium fluoride (naf) mouthrinse, gc tooth mousse and gc mi paste plus on white spot formation inhibition. materials and methods: thirty pairs of extracted human premolars were cut in half mesio-distally with a disc. the teeth were coated with nail varnish, except a part of the buccal and/or lingual enamel, which was used as the test area, and then ...

Hyperelliptic curve cryptosystems HCC for short is a gen eralization of ECC It has been drawing the attention of more and more researchers in recent years The problem of how to decrease the amount of addition and scalar multiplication on the Jacobians of hyperelliptic curves so that the implementation speed can be improved is very im portant for the practical use of HCC In this paper Using Frob...

Bayesian knowledge bases (BKBs) are a gen­ eralization of Bayes networks and weighted proof graphs (WAODAGs), that allow cycles in the causal graph. Reasoning in BKBs re­ quires finding the most probable inferences consistent with the evidence. The cost­ sharing heuristic for finding least-cost ex­ planations in WAODAGs was presented and shown to be effective by Charniak and Hu­ sain. However, ...

The genetic bases of skeletogenesis are expected to shed light on the origins of metazoan biomineralization. Here we review aspeets of genetic machineries of inyertebrate sk letogenesis, including regulutory genes involyed in hiomi"eralization as well, and with an enumerative reference to the genes encoding skeletal mahix proteins. The complete primary structure has been determilled for a total...

Comparative study of microfossils from two kinds of sediments: chert intercalations (studied in thin section) and phosphorite/phosphatic carbonate (in thin section and maceration), from the upper Neoproterozoic Doushantuo phospho− rites in the Weng’an area, Guizhou Province, South China, shows that the phosphatized Megasphaera ornata and the chert−preserved Tianzhushania tuberifera should be re...

The ability of bovine milk phosphoprotein (casein) to be incorporated into plaque, prevent enamel sub-surface demineralization, and affect bacterial composition was determined using a modified intra-oral car-ies model. The intra-oral model consisted of a removable appliance containing a left and right pair of bovine enamel slabs placed to simulate an approximal area. Supragingival plaque was co...