BACKGROUND Infection with Escherichia coli O157:H7 rarely leads to bloody diarrhea and causes hemolytic uremic syndrome with renal failure that can be deadly dangerous. Intimin, translocated Intimin receptor (Tir), and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) secreted protein A (EspA) proteins are the virulence factors expressed by locus of enterocyte effacement locus of EHEC. This bacterium needs EspA...

Timing is everything—in love, in war, in sports, and in politics—but what about during multicellular development of Myxococcus xanthus bacteria? In this issue, Higgs et al. (9) report that loss of a single protein kinase can radically change the timing of aggregation and sporulation of 100,000 cells as they race to build a fruiting body when faced with starvation. Key transcription factors accu...

Remote tracking for mobile targets is one of the most important applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A target tracking protocol– exponential distributed predictive tracking (EDPT) is proposed. To reduce energy waste and response time, an improved predictive algorithm–exponential smoothing predictive algorithm (ESPA) is presented. With the aid of an additive proportion and differenti...

Ahead of heat exchanger network (HEN) design, setting an optimal pinch temperature difference for analysis depends vitally on the capital cost target. Conventional methods based spaghetti (SPA) structure ignoring matching optimization might result in calculated targets large deviations. This work evolved SPA via four stages by shifting energy towards low-cost matching. The fourth from (ESPA-IV ...

Secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) is a primary factor responsible for preventing attachment of enteropathogens to gut epithelium in breastfeeding infants. We compared the frequency of sIgA to major surface antigens of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in milk of 123 women from the United States and Mexico to determine whether regional differences existed in the frequency of antibodies t...

BACKGROUND Enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EPEC/EHEC) are human intestinal pathogens responsible for diarrhea in both developing and industrialized countries. In research laboratories, EPEC and EHEC are defined on the basis of their pathogenic features; nevertheless, their identification in routine laboratories is expensive and laborious. Therefore, the aim of the prese...