In fault-tree analysis probabilities of failure of components are often assumed to be precise. However this assumption is seldom verified in practice. There is a large literature on the computation of the probability of the top (dreadful) event of the fault-tree, based on the representation of logical formulas in the form of a binary decision diagram (BDD). When probabilities of atomic proposit...

Quantitative risk analysis (QRA) is a systematic approach for evaluating likelihood, consequences, and risk of adverse events. QRA based on event (ETA) and fault tree analyses (FTA) employs two basic assumptions. The first assumption is related to likelihood values of input events, and the second assumption is regarding interdependence among the events (for ETA) or basic events (for FTA). Tradi...

In risk analysis, the treatment of the epistemic uncertainty associated to the probability of occurrence of an event is fundamental. Traditionally, probabilistic distributions have been used to characterize the epistemic uncertainty due to imprecise knowledge of the parameters in risk models. On the other hand, it has been argued that in certain instances such uncertainty may be best accounted ...

olive is a perennial evergreen tree which has good adaptability to poor environmental conditions such as salt and drought resistance. in recent years, there is a tendency to plant olive trees in green spaces. therefore, this study was carried out to evaluate 15 olive cultivars regarding growth habit, form, and texture to recommend for landscape. six-year-old trees of 15 olive cultivars, which h...

Cause-consequence analysis is one of the best tools available for a comprehensive reliability study. The cause-consequence diagram (CCD) method, like fault tree analysis, represents the failure logic of the system, but in addition the CCD also identifies the complete set of consequences following a given initiating event. While there are well-developed commercialized software packages for fault...

The Dempster-Shafter Theory is well-known for its usefulness to express uncertain judgments of experts. This contribution shows how to apply the calculus to safety and reliability modelling, especially to expert judgement; Failure Modes, Effects, and Criticality Analysis; Event Tree Analysis, Fault Tree Analysis, and Reliability Centred Maintenance. Including a tutorial introduction to the Demp...

Concept-based video representation has proven to be effective in complex event detection. However, existing methods either manually design concepts or directly adopt concept libraries not specifically designed for events. In this paper, we propose to build Concept Bank, the largest concept library consisting of 4, 876 concepts specifically designed to cover 631 real-world events. To construct t...

The present study describes approaches for the identification of individual beech trees using maternal tissues from their seeds or fruits. Four microsatellite markers were used for genetic analysis of seedlots from Fagus orientalis Lipsky, a highly out-crossing tree species. Seeds from 11 single-tree harvests belonging to one population, (7 seeds from each), as well as non-paranchymatic materna...