Why are humans so vulnerable to pain in interpersonal relations and can so easily hurt others physically and emotionally? We theoretically examine whether being offensively strong but defensively weak can evolve as a strategic trait that fosters cooperation. We study a population comprised of “thick-skinned” and “thinskinned” agents by using an indirect evolution model that combines rational ch...

The estimation of the decoherence process of an open quantum system is of both theoretical significance and experimental appealing. Practically, the decoherence can be easily estimated if the coherence evolution satisfies some simple relations. We introduce a framework for studying evolution equation of coherence. Based on this framework, we prove a simple factorization relation (FR) for the l1...

the purpose of this research was to study the antimicrobial activities of the endophytic fungi from sesbania grandiflora (l.) pers. the endophytic fungi were isolated from branches and leaves of sesbania grandiflora (l.) pers., and sixty nine isolates were obtained. all isolates were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activities. the indicator organisms were 4 bacteria including staphylo...

Mind Evolution Algorithm (MEA) imitates the human mind evolution by using similartaxis and dissimilation operations, which overcomes the prematurity and improves searching efficiency. But the generation of the initial population is blind and the addition of naturally washed out temporary subpopulations is random. This paper improved MEA by introducing chaos and difference into it and proposed C...

We have carried out a series of small scale collisional N-body calculations of single-mass star clusters to investigate the dependence of the lifetime of star clusters on their initial parameters. Our models move through an external galaxy potential with a logarithmic density profile and they are limited by a cut-off radius. In order to find scaling relations between the lifetime of star cluste...

We investigate the chemo-dynamical evolution of elliptical galaxies, to understand the origin of the mass-dependence of photometric properties such as the colour-magnitude relation (CMR). Our threedimensional TREE N-body/SPH numerical simulation takes into account both Type II and Type Ia supernovae and follows the evolution of the abundances of several chemical elements. We derive the photomet...

Due to the logical relations between theism and intelligent design (ID), there are two challenges to theism that also apply to ID. In the falsifiability challenge, it is charged that theism is compatible with every observation statement and thus asserts nothing. I argue that the contentious assumptions of this challenge can be avoided without loss of precision by charging theism (and thus ID) d...

at the crux of the evolution of nato’s new missions and partnerships over the past two decade has been the question of how to deal with the russian federation. this remains the key question today. therefore, this article examines the options nato and russia face in developing a new nato-russia institutional framework. the article begins with a brief outline of enlargement of nato towards east a...

The Tully-Fisher Relation (TFR) links two fundamental properties of disk galaxies: their luminosity and their rotation velocity (mass). The pioneering work of Vogt et al. in the 1990’s showed that it is possible to study the TFR for spiral galaxies at considerable look-back-times, and use it as a powerful probe of their evolution. In recent years, several groups have studied the TFR for galaxie...