Nitric oxide (NO) may play a role in the pathophysiology of excitotoxicity. It is also possible that increase in Ca²⁺ overload and NO-mediated events are involved in neuronal loss during excitotoxicity. Using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-diaphorase (NADPH-d) histochemistry, we have investigated the effects of melatonin on NADPH-d positive hippocampal neurons after kainic acid (KA...

We developed a new approach to study single- and double-stranded DNA breaks during chronic, moderate excitotoxicity resulting from the inhibition of the glutamate transporter in cerebellar granule cell primary cultures. A 24 hr treatment of 2-week-old cultures with L-alpha-amino adipate (LAA), an inhibitor of the cerebellar glutamate uptake transporter, caused a gradual extracellular accumulati...

Van Damme, P., L. Van Den Bosch, E. Van Houtte, G. Callewaert, and W. Robberecht. GluR2-dependent properties of AMPA receptors determine the selective vulnerability of motor neurons to excitotoxicity. J Neurophysiol 88: 1279–1287, 2002; 10.1152/jn.00163.2002. AMPA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity has been implicated in the selective motor neuron loss in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. In some cu...

Glutamate is the principal neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity is the predominant cause of cerebral damage. Recent studies have shown that lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) is involved in ischemia‑associated neuronal death in non‑human primates. This study was designed to investigate the effect of glutamate on lysosomal stability in primary ...

Huntingtin-interacting protein 1 (HIP1) is an endocytic adaptor protein that plays a role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis and the ligand-induced internalization of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) (Metzler et al., 2003). In the present study, we investigated the role of HIP1 in NMDA receptor (NMDAR) function by analyzing NMDA-dependent transport and NMDA-induced excitotoxicity in neurons from HIP1-/- m...

PURPOSE To determine which glutamate receptor (GluR) subtypes are responsible for glutamate-induced excitotoxicity in cultured adult pig retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and to characterize the neuroprotective effect of acetylcholine (ACh) on pig RGCs. METHODS Adult pig RGCs were isolated from other retinal tissue by a modified panning technique using Thy 1.1 antibody. Isolated RGCs were culture...

Introduction: resent studies have been shown that normobaric hyperoxia (HO) can induce excitotoxicity and stress oxidative tolerance (ETT) in variety of organs such as brain. In this study, we examined the intermittent dose of normobaric hyperoxia (HO) on neurologic deficit, and superoxide dismutase activity in brain tissue of Huntington animal model. Method: The rats were divided to three...

HD (Huntington's disease) is characterized by dysfunction and death of striatal MSNs (medium-sized spiny neurons). Excitotoxicity, transcriptional dysregulation and mitochondrial abnormalities are among the mechanisms that are proposed to play roles in HD pathogenesis. To determine the extent of cell-autonomous effects of mhtt (mutant huntingtin) protein on vulnerability to excitotoxic insult i...