An analysis of the requirements for mechanical smoke exhaust in large space buildings was made and some experiments in a fire test atrium have been performed. It can be concluded that the temperature of smoke in large space building fire is usually quite low which makes them easy to descend and to mix with air. Usually it’s difficult to control the descending of a smoke layer effectively when t...

In high-rise building fire, a large amount of fresh air will be pressurized into the fire floor when smoke ventilation and prevention system is used. The fresh air dilutes the smoke, but it also reduces the efficiency of mechanical exhaust. The assumption that vertical composition smoke control model (air curtain combined with pressurization and exhaust fan) is put forward. The mathematic model...

Current codes in many countries require that the smoke layer be maintained a particular distance above the highest walking surface in an atrium. The smoke exhaust capacity to accomplish the required performance can be extraordinary, especially in a tall atrium with the upper floors open to the atrium. The effect of exposure to smoke is a function of the magnitude of the smoke signature, e.g. co...

Cigarette smoke has long been known to aggravate respiratory infections. A new study expands the potential health effects to a new front, showing that acute in vitro exposure of Staphylococcus aureus to cigarette smoke promoted biofilm formation and adhesion to human cells. The active agents behind this boost in activity appeared to be reactive oxygen species (such as hydrogen per­ oxide), whic...

Solids Liquids Gases/vapours Asbestos dust Sprayed droplets Ammonia Engine exhaust particles Paints Carbon monoxide Lead dust and fume Pesticides Carbon dioxide Silica dust Power coating mix Freon’s Welding fume Liquid jetting Helium Shot blasting dust Sewage water Nitrogen Wood dust Mercury vapour Smoke Mists Solvent vapours Fungal spores Chrome acid Engine exhaust gases Bacteria Cutting fluid...

The special emergency plan for subway fires in China stipulates that when a fire occurs at train stop, it is necessary to confirm whether the mode of tunnel ventilation system implemented. Because setting and smoke exhaust station track area, rail top cannot operate same time. To study influence on control stops station, we take an island as example. A 1:1 full-scale numerical model established...

Air pollutant exposure has been linked to a rise in wheezing illnesses. Clinical data highlight that exposure to mainstream tobacco smoke (MS) and environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) as well as exposure to diesel exhaust particles (DEP) could promote allergic sensitization or aggravate symptoms of asthma, suggesting a role for these inhaled pollutants in the pathogenesis of asthma. Mouse models a...

A multivariable control scheme is designed to minimize emission of nitrogen oxides NOx and generation of smoke in a Diesel engine equipped with a variable geometry tur bocharger VGT and an external exhaust gas recirculation system EGR Steady state optimization results in operat ing points where NOx emissions and smoke generation are highly coupled and require joint management by VGT and EGR act...