This study explores the effect of explicit pronunciation instruction on enlarging listening vocabulary size. 115 learners English as a foreign language were recruited and received ten-week segments four skills (reduction, elision, intrusion assimilation). How was carried out described in details pre-test post-test form Listening Vocabulary Levels Test. It found that after instruction, learners’...

This study investigated the long-term effectiveness of explicit versus implicit instruction in a classroom setting. The participants were 114 Dutch secondary school students learning English as an L2; control group received and intervention meaning-based context for two academic years. Instructional effects measured via timed writing task. products groups compared terms holistic quality, comple...

this study was inspired by vanpatten and uludag’s (2011) study on the transferability of training via processing instruction to output tasks and mori’s (2002) work on the development of talk-in-interaction during a group task. an interview was devised as the pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest to compare four intervention types for teaching the simple past passive: traditional intervention ...

This study examined the effect of explicit instruction of hedging on English forSpecific Academic Purposes (ESAP) reading comprehension performance ofEnglish Language Learning (ELL) university students. A reading comprehensiontest was developed and validated as the pretest and the posttest. The test, includingitems for assessing the comprehension of the students in their area of specialization,...

Abstract Rules are central to the constitutional political economy (CPE) approach. On this approach, rules, of a variety types and forms, necessary for emergence social order, so that all genuine order is rule-based. The role rules within CPE approach examined starting from an explicit definitional discussion concept rule including nature rule-following behavior, supply enforcement.

this study investigates and compares the efficacy of differentiated instruction and traditional-based instruction on enhancing iranian students’ reading comprehension. eight elementary, intermediate, and advanced classrooms from 1 language institute were chosen, and based on their performance on the pretests were further divided into 4 control and 4 treatment groups. flexible grouping, tiered i...

This study attempted to investigate the impact of teacher’s code-switching on the acquisition of a problematic grammatical structure, namely, object relative clauses, by intermediate EFL learners. Moreover, a secondary objective of the study was to determine the EFL learners’ attitudes and opinions regarding the effectiveness of teacher’s code-switching in their learning of a specific aspect of...

fuzzy rule-based classification system (frbcs) is a popular machine learning technique for classification purposes. one of the major issues when applying it on imbalanced data sets is its biased to the majority class, such that, it performs poorly in respect to the minority class. however many cases the minority classes are more important than the majority ones. in this paper, we have extended ...

This paper describes MGEN/x86, a toolkit that simplifies the process of creating dynamic code generators and just-in-time (JIT) compilers for the x86 series of processor. MGEN produces pattern-matching code generators based on a userdefined sequence of rules and semantic action associated with each rule. MGEN includes a number of useful and interesting features such as a table driven macro comp...