This paper reviews P´olya urn models and their connection to random trees. Basic results are presented, together with proofs that underly the historical evolution of the accompanying thought process. Extensions and generalizations are given according to chronology: • P´olya-Eggenberger’s urn • Bernard Friedman’s urn • Generalized P´olya urns • Extended urn schemes • Invertible urn schemes ...

By summarizing Khachiyan's algorithm and Karmarkar's algorithm forlinear program (LP) a unified methodology for the design of polynomial-time algorithms for LP is presented in this paper. A key concept is the so-called extended binary search (EBS) algorithm introduced by the author. It is used as a unified model to analyze the complexities of the existing modem LP algorithms and possibly, help ...

An optimal binary search tree is a binary search tree for which the nodes are arranged on levels such that the tree cost is minimum. For the purpose of a better presentation of optimal binary search trees, we will consider “extended binary search trees”, which have the keys stored at their internal nodes. Suppose “n” keys k1, k2, ... , k n are stored at the internal nodes of a binary search tre...

Binary clause reasoning has found some successful applications in SAT, and it is natural to investigate its use in various extensions of SAT. In this paper we investigate the use of binary clause reasoning in the context of solving Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF). We develop a DPLL based QBF solver that employs extended binary clause reasoning (hyper-binary resolution) to infer new binary cla...

In this report we present a novel and efficient maximum-likelihood soft-decision decoding algorithm for linear block codes. The approach used here is to convert the decoding problem into a search problem through a graph which is a trellis for an equivalent code of the transmitted code. Algorithm A*, which uses a priority-first search strategy, is employed to search through this graph. This sear...

We present new links between some remarkable martingales found in the study of the Binary Search Tree or of the bisection problem, looking at them on the probability space of a continuous time binary branching process.

The model of node access operations taking place in binary search trees subject to rotations is extended to unordered binary trees, as motivated by consideration of certain self-adjusting priority queues. Rotations in this extended model can be preceded by sibling subtree swaps. Whereas the Wilber lower bound for off-line computation extends to this model of computation – a precondition for the...