background: pregnancy and accelerated fetal growth always are related with major metabolic changes and body fat redistribution and adiponectin is one of principle adipocyte hormones, so studying adiponectin changes during pregnancy may reveal some hidden parts of fetal metabolism. the aim of this study was to assess adiponectin and leptin levels in umbili cal cord and maternal serum, their rela...

background: successful pregnancy in allopregnant women depends upon the control of graft rejection mechanisms. it has been suggested that some immunosuppressive cytokines contribute to successful pregnancy and transplantation. transforming growth factor beta (tgf-   β) exhibits potent immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties which might prolong graft survival. recent studies suggest a ...

background: metabolic profiles have been used in efforts to predict pre parturient problems and fertility, to diagnose metabolic diseases, and to assess nutritional status in dairy cows. these profiles may help to confirm the diagnosis of sub clinical diseases, to be aware of possible causes of infertility in the herds, or to monitor improvement in herd animals. objectives: this study investiga...

conclusions we revealed that thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy was associated with iugr and low apgar score even in subclinical forms. further studies are required to determine whether early diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases, even in subclinical form, can prevent their adverse effect on fetus. background maternal thyroid function alters during pregnancy. inadequate adaptation to th...

background: pregnancies with early onset fetal growth restriction have poor perinatal outcome. sildenafil citrate (pde -5 inhibitor) as a vasodilator increases uteroplacental blood flow and potentiates fetal growth. case presentation: in this study, a case was examined and sildenafil was administered for her. it was found that sildenafil improved the uterine blood flow with a favorable fetal ou...

Background: Gestational weight gain is an impressive factor in the fetal outcome. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is one of the most important problems during fetal period that may lead to many perinatal and long-term complications and growing neonatal morbidities and mortalities. The aim of the study was to ascertain the relationship between umbilical cord blood leptin concentration and...

extractthe fetal as a passenger that her/his trip takes nine months. accidents and incidents may cause this trip will remain incomplete or to create different effects. islamic authors believe these accidents and incidents not only affected fetal but also affected on all of mental and physical aspects of fetal ' s mather, because fetal is such a part of her body. as good nutrition in mother...

Abnormal fetal growth (growth restriction and overgrowth) is associated with perinatal morbidity, mortality, lifelong risks to health. To describe abnormal growth, “small for gestational age” “large are commonly used terms. However, both statistical definitions of size below or above a certain threshold related reference population, rather than referring an condition. Fetuses can be constitutio...