Using the delta-P(1) approximation to the Boltzmann transport equation we develop analytic solutions for the fluence rate produced by planar (1-D) and Gaussian beam (2-D) irradiation of a homogeneous, turbid, semi-infinite medium. To assess the performance of these solutions we compare the predictions for the fluence rate and two metrics of the optical penetration depth with Monte Carlo simulat...

Sensitive and selective sensor system is required to detect causes of disease. It is able to detect the cause of the disease more effectively by using multi-modal properties of nano-bio sensors. Some peak detection algorithms which are suitable for implementing with micro-controller are compared to apply to multi-modal nano-bio sensors in this paper. It is shown that autothreshold peak detectio...

In this paper, a simple and efficient element is proposed for the free vibration buckling analysis of FGM beams. This formulating, based on Timoshenko beam theory. The assumption constant shear strain in reduces number unknowns addition to improving efficiency new element. performance evaluated with help several benchmark tests. First, accuracy convergence rate response are investigated separat...

In this paper, the free vibration analysis of sandwich micro beam with piezoelectric layers based on the modified couple stress and surface elasticity theories are investigated. The Hamilton’s principle is employed to derive the sandwich micro beam with piezoelectric based on modified couple stress theory incorporating with Gurtin- Murdoch surface theory. The generalized differential quadrature...

In this paper, using 2-D theory of elasticity, a closed-form solution is presented for stressdistributions and displacements of a FG curved beam under shear force at its free end. The materialproperties are assumed to vary continuously through the radial direction based on a simple power lawmodel and Poisson’s ratio is supposed to be constant. In order to verify the solution, it is shown that a...

Integration of micro-optical elements (MOEs) with optical fiber at top-end was realized by use of focused ion beam (FIB) direct milling. The designed MOEs (micro-refractive lens, microdiffractive lens with continuous relief, and micro-gratings) were directly milled by the FIB with ion energy and ion beam current of 40 keV and 569 pA, respectively, in the core area of both single mode fiber and ...

The mechanical behaviors of microstructures and micro-devices have drawn the attention from researchers on materials and mechanics in recent years. To understand the rule of these behaviors, the deformation measurement techniques with micro/nanometer sensitivity and spatial resolution are required. In this paper, a micro-marker identification method is developed to measure microstructure deform...